Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHARM > adrengenics > Flashcards

adrengenics Flashcards

(152 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUSSYSTEM

A

▪mediates Organ systems, blood pressure
▪Hormone (epi from adrenal medulla) vs. neurotransmitter (NE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

rate limiting step NE release

A

Tyr to dopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTER TERMINATION NE vs Ach

A

▪Acetylcholine: ACh-esterase, 150ms FAST

▪Norepinephrine: Reuptake
▪Monoamine oxidase (Pregang)
▪Catechol-OMethyltransferase (postgang)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

direct sympathetic agonists
effects depend on?

A

bind to receptors
effect depends on: route, affinity, expression of receptor subtypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

indirect sympathetic agonists mechanisms

A

▪Indirect: Catecholamine displacement (Amphetamines)
▪Decreased NE clearance: Reuptake inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS

A

▪α1 α2
▪β1 β2
▪Dopamine
▪Sympathomimetic (sym effects) vs sympatholytic (opposes sym effects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

states dowregulating adrengenic receptors

A

▪Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
▪Acidosis
▪Hypoxia
and sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A1 functions

A

works at peripheral vas beds, sympathomimetic
▪Vasoconstriction=Blood pressure increased
▪Mydriasis (dilated pupils)
▪Urinary sphincter constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A2 functions

A

symphatolytic
▪In the vasculature
▪Inhibition of NE and ACh
▪Decreased sympathetic tone
▪Decreased BP
▪Sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

B1 functions

A

sympathetimetic
▪Cardiac excitation
▪Increased rate, contractility, conduction (chronotrophy and ionotrophy with increased Ca)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

B2 functions

A

sympathetlytic
▪Bronchodilation
▪Smooth muscle relaxation
▪Skeletal muscle vasodilation
▪Decreased vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dopa receptor function

A

▪Resistance vessel vasodilation to increase blood flow at:
▪Renal
▪Splanchnic
▪Coronary
▪Cerebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

catecholamines
1 ones?
where each is from?

A

▪Dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE)= Primary catecholamines
▪DA – Brain and kidney
▪NE – Sympathetic nerve endings
▪Epinephrine – Adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

NE binding affinties?

A

A1>B1>B2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NE
▪Primary neurotransmitter at?
▪Maintenance of?
BP?
▪ cardiac output changes
▪ chronotropic changes
▪ coronary blood flow

A

▪Endogenous
▪Primary neurotransmitter at sympathetic nerve endings
▪Maintenance of sympathetic tone
▪⇧BP
▪No cardiac output changes
▪Minimal chronotropic changes
▪Increased coronary blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NE uses

A

spetic shock or hypotensive pts with fluids administered first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NE caution

A

porlonged use: cardiac cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epi
▪Only released by
▪ released for?
coronary blood flow effect?
▪Caution?

A

▪Endogenous
▪Only released by adrenal medulla
▪Stress preparation
▪⇧coronary blood flow
▪Caution prolonged infusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

epi affinities

A

A1 at high doses and B1/2 at lower doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

epi uses based on dosage?
can be used for?

A

high doses: increase bp and hr
lower doses; beta effects
can be used for anaphylaxis and with LA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DA

A

▪Endogenous
▪NE precursor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

DA affinities

A
  1. DA receptor
  2. A1,B1,B2 all similar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

DA Dose-specific effects

A

▪Low dose (0.5 – 3 mcg/kg/min): DA effects
▪Intermediate (3 – 10 mcg/kg/min): B effects
▪High (10 – 20 mcg/kg/min): A effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DA uses

A

can bes used as a NE reuptake inhibitor at intermediate doses to increase iono/chrono at heart and increase BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
caution with DA
can increase risk of V fib
26
dobutamine ▪ from? ▪Augments? ▪Dose-dependent increase in? ▪Alpha effects? ▪Beta-mediated effect? dose? ▪High dose increases?
▪Synthetic ▪Augments myocardial contractility ▪Dose-dependent increase in stroke volume and cardiac output ▪Alpha agonist AND antagonist ▪Beta-mediated vasodilation (low dose) ▪High dose increases myocardial O2 consumption
27
dobutamine affinity
1. B1 2. B2 3. A1
28
dobutamine uses
B1 agonist used for cardiac stress test, unstable cardiogenic shock (short t1/2)
29
phenylephrine ▪made? ▪ A/B? ▪ metab? ▪HR? ▪Push dose?
▪Synthetic ▪All alpha, no beta ▪Not a catechol derivative, not metabolized by COMT BUT still by MAO ▪Can lead to baroreceptor mediated decrease in HR ▪Push dose pressor for short-term hypotension
30
phenylepherine affinity
A1
31
phenylepherine uses
push dose pressor for short term hypotension and as a nasal decongestant
32
milrinone ▪ inhibitor? ▪Inhibits breakdown of? ▪inotropy? ▪ vaso effect? ▪Increased? ▪Reduced? ▪Good in the setting of?
▪Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor ▪Inhibits breakdown of cAMP ▪Positive inotropy ▪Potent vasodilator ▪Increased diastolic relaxation ▪Reduced preload and afterload ▪Good in the setting of receptor downregulation
33
milrinone affinity?
no binding but has: 1. B1 like effects 2. B2 like effects
34
milrinone use
HF
35
vasopressin ▪AKA ▪Stored in? ▪Released when? ▪receptor agonist? ▪Neutral to negative impact on? ▪Dose dependent effects? ▪Not affected by?
▪AKA: antidiuretic hormone ▪Stored in posterior pituitary ▪Released when plasma osmolality increases or BP drops ▪V1 (vasoconstrict) and V2 (retain volume) receptor agonist ▪Neutral to negative impact on CO ▪Dose dependent SVR and vagal tone increase ▪Not affected by pH
36
ADH affinity? resembles effects of what receptor?
V1 and 2: A1 like effects
37
ADH uses
pts with acidosis to increase bp
38
A2 selective agonists
Clonidine Dexmedetomidine Guanfacine Methyldopa
39
Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine, Guanfacine, Methyldopa ▪bp? ▪Effective? ▪Class effect =
▪Drop BP by reducing sympathetic tone ▪Effective antihypertensive ▪Class effect = sedation A2 AGONISTS
40
long term clonidine oral effect
candidasis
41
Dexmedetomidine effects
no effects on bp, all sedative A2 agonist
42
guanfacine use
ADHD; activates A2 in PF cortex to incrase focus
43
methyldopa key use
HTN tx during pregnancy
44
INDIRECT ACTING SYMPATHOMIMETICS mechanisms
▪Displacers of stored NE ▪Reuptake inhibition increasing effects of endogenous NE
45
▪Amphetamine ▪ CNS uptake ▪effect? ▪Effects mediated by?
▪Rapid CNS uptake ▪Stimulant ▪Effects mediated by NE and DA (indirect sympathetomeitic)
46
▪Methylphenidate (Ritalin) ▪ variant? ▪ effect? ▪Use: ▪Caution? teeth/drug tests?
▪Amphetamine variant/ amphetamine like molecule ▪Similar effect and abuse potential to amphetamine ▪Use: ADD-spectrum ▪Caution - UDS no effects on teeth postive on drug tests
47
amphetamine oral effects
destroys teeth
48
▪Modafinil (Provigil) ▪role? ▪Totally different from? ▪NE, DA? ▪NE, DA, 5-HT3, glutamate?; GABA? ▪Use:
▪Psychostimulant ▪Totally different from amphetamine but a amp like molecule ▪NE, DA reuptake inhibition ▪NE, DA, 5-HT3, glutamate increase; GABA decrease ▪Use: narcolepsy
49
▪Straterra ▪ MOA ▪CV effects ▪similar effects as what other drug? ▪Use:
▪Selective NE reuptake inhibition ▪No CV effects ▪Clonidine-like effect ▪Use: ADD
50
▪Cocaine ▪Local?, peripheral? ▪mechanism? ▪sign of abuse (mental) ▪Avoid? ▪Use:
▪Local anesthetic, peripheral sympathomimetic ▪Reuptake inhibition,especially dopamine ▪Excited delirium ▪Avoid concurrent betablockade ▪Use: epistaxis
51
Excited delirium
seen with cocaine abuse, increased DA in brain can lead to aggression ith increased temp folllowed by sudden res/cardaic arrest goal would be to get pt sedated
52
why avoid betablockade with coke
increased risk MI, HR will decrease but A effects of coke active=vasoconstrict
53
Beta agonism and asthma BETA-? AGONISM ▪Commonality? ▪Triggered by? ▪Angioedema?
BETA-2 AGONISM ▪Key to management of acute asthma ▪Common “allergy” in dentistry (7.9%) ▪Triggered by allergens, stress, food, drugs ▪Angioedema = similar but different
54
short acting beta agonsits (SABA)
Albuterol Levalbuterol Terbutaline
55
SABA used for:
short term control with fast onset and short duration
56
albuterol
acute managment, B2 agonist but also B1 so HR may increase (can pt handle?)
57
Levalbuterol
L sterioisomer of albuterol used instead of albuterol for no B1 effect
58
terbutaline
SABA used in severe cases: IV/IM administration
59
LABAs
Formoterol Salmeterol
60
LABA use ▪used in conjunction with? ▪Blocks receptors for? ▪NOT FOR?
▪Longer term control, used in conjunction with SABA/steroids ▪Blocks receptors 12-18h ▪NOT FOR ACUTE ATTACKS
61
dulera
formoterol + mometasone LABA
62
symbicort
formoterol +budesonide LABA
63
advair
salmeterol + fluticasone LABA
64
DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA PATIENTS ▪Minimize likelihood? ▪Talk to your patient to learn? ▪Instruct pt. to bring? ▪Decrease?
▪Minimize likelihood of exacerbation ▪Talk to your patient to learn their management strategies ▪Instruct pt. to bring albuterol inhaler to all appointments ▪Decrease stressors
65
▪Drug considerations of asthma pts ASA/NSAIDS? antihistamines? cholergenics? opioids?
▪No ASA or NSAIDS ▪Avoid histaminic drugs, triggers attack ▪Avoid antihistamines, decreased secretions= attack ▪Avoid cholinergics, increased secretions= attack no opioids (morphine)
66
in an asthma emergency administer:
▪Supplemental O2 ▪Consider epinephrine: 0.3 mg IM (or use EpiPen)
67
types of alpha receptor antagonists
▪Reversible ▪Concentration dependent ▪Duration dependent on t1/2 ▪Irreversible ▪Body has to generate new receptors ▪Drug effect can persist even after drug is cleared
68
A1 antagonists common adr
▪α1 blockade blocks vasoconstriction which can lead to Orthostatic hypotension
69
other effect A antag
▪Miosis, nasal stuffiness ▪Decreased resistance to urinary flow
70
phenoxybenzamine use
A non-comp antag for pheochromocytoma
71
phentolamine ▪Blocks? ▪Decreased? ▪ADR?
▪Blocks α1 and α2 ▪Decreased PVR and cardiac stimulation ▪ CV adverse reactions: tachycardia with ischemia due to decrased VR
72
uses of phentolamine
pheochromocytoma reverse LA in soft tissue reduce extravasation rxns
73
selective A1 blockers
prazosin terazosin doxazosin
74
prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin Selective? functions? % bioavailability
Selective α1 antagonists ▪Arterial and venous vascular smooth muscle relaxation and prostate relaxation ▪50% bioavailability, First pass effect
75
t1/2 ▪Prazosin: ▪Terazosin: ▪Doxazosin:
▪Prazosin: 3h ▪Terazosin: 9h ▪Doxazosin: 22h
76
▪Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin use?
chronic HTN
77
what side effect is common in selective A1 blockers
ortho hypoten
78
tamsulosin ▪effect? ▪ bioavailability? ▪More specific to? ▪Less?
▪Competitive α1 blocker ▪High bioavailability ▪More specific to prostate ▪Less orthostatic hypotension= safest for BPH
79
beta blockers ▪Antagonize effects of? ▪Differ in affinity for? ▪β1 specificity decreases with? ▪End in?
▪Antagonize effects of catecholamines and beta agonists ▪Differ in affinity for β1 and β2 ▪β1 specificity decreases as dose increases ▪End in -lol (-olol, -ilol,-alol)
80
-olol
B only block
81
-ilol, -alol
B block with likely A effects
82
▪Labetalol, carvedilol receptor affinty
▪β1= β2 > α1 > α2
83
▪Metoprolol, betaxolol, acebutolol, esmolol, atenolol, nebivolol receptor affinty
▪β1>>> β2
84
▪Propranolol, carteolol, penbutolol, pindolol, timolol receptor affinty
β1= β2
85
beta 1 specific blockers, when are these useful?
Betaxolol Esmolol Acebutolol Metoprolol Atenolol Nebivolol use for asthma, do not want to affect B2 with a non-specific block
86
esmolol ▪selective ▪t1/2 ▪onset ▪Requires what for administration? ▪Great for?
▪Beta-1 selective blocker ▪Short t1/2 ▪Quick onset ▪Requires central line for administration (IV) ▪Great for tight BP control in aortic dissection
87
labetalol ▪blockade of ▪ b;a ratio oral and IV ▪duration of action, up to?
▪Beta and alpha blockade ▪3:1 oral ▪7:1 IV ▪Dose dependent duration of action, up to 20 hours
88
safer Rx for asthma pts?
B1 specifc blockers, do not want to block B2 which could affect bronchodialtion
89
nonspecific β-blockers and epi
▪Caution with nonspecific β-blockers and epi, nonspecific block will antagonize epi
90
works at peripheral vas beds, sympathomimetic ▪Vasoconstriction=Blood pressure increased ▪Mydriasis (dilated pupils) ▪Urinary sphincter constriction
A1 functions
91
symphatolytic ▪In the vasculature ▪Inhibition of NE and ACh ▪Decreased sympathetic tone ▪Decreased BP ▪Sedation
A2 functions
92
sympathetimetic ▪Cardiac excitation ▪Increased rate, contractility, conduction (chronotrophy and ionotrophy with increased Ca)
B1 functions
93
sympathetlytic ▪Bronchodilation ▪Smooth muscle relaxation ▪Skeletal muscle vasodilation ▪Decreased vascular resistance
B2 functions
94
▪Resistance vessel vasodilation to increase blood flow at: ▪Renal ▪Splanchnic ▪Coronary ▪Cerebral
Dopa receptor function
95
A1>B1>B2
NE binding affinties?
96
▪Endogenous ▪Primary neurotransmitter at sympathetic nerve endings ▪Maintenance of sympathetic tone ▪⇧BP ▪No cardiac output changes ▪Minimal chronotropic changes ▪Increased coronary blood flow
NE ▪Primary neurotransmitter at? ▪Maintenance of? BP? ▪ cardiac output changes ▪ chronotropic changes ▪ coronary blood flow
97
spetic shock or hypotensive pts with fluids administered first
NE uses
98
porlonged use: cardiac cell death
NE caution
99
▪Endogenous ▪Only released by adrenal medulla ▪Stress preparation ▪⇧coronary blood flow ▪Caution prolonged infusions
Epi ▪Only released by ▪ released for? coronary blood flow effect? ▪Caution?
100
A1 at high doses and B1/2 at lower doses
epi affinities
101
high doses: increase bp and hr lower doses; beta effects can be used for anaphylaxis and with LA
epi uses based on dosage
102
▪Endogenous ▪NE precursor
DA
103
1. DA receptor 2. A1,B1,B2 all similar
DA affinities
104
▪Low dose (0.5 – 3 mcg/kg/min): DA effects ▪Intermediate (3 – 10 mcg/kg/min): B effects ▪High (10 – 20 mcg/kg/min): A effects
DA Dose-specific effects
105
can bes used as a NE reuptake inhibitor at intermediate doses to increase iono/chrono at heart and increase BP
DA uses
106
can increase risk of V fib
caution with DA
107
▪Synthetic ▪Augments myocardial contractility ▪Dose-dependent increase in stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) ▪Alpha agonist AND antagonist ▪Beta-mediated vasodilation (low dose) ▪High dose increases myocardial O2 consumption
dobutamine ▪ from? ▪Augments? ▪Dose-dependent increase in? ▪Alpha effects? ▪Beta-mediated effect? dose? ▪High dose increases?
108
1. B1 2. B2 3. A1
dobutamine affinity
109
cardiac stress test, unstable cardiogenic shock (short t1/2)
dobutamine uses
110
▪Synthetic ▪All alpha, no beta ▪Not a catechol derivative, not metabolized by COMT BUT still by MAO ▪Can lead to baroreceptor mediated decrease in HR ▪Push dose pressor for short-term hypotension
phenylephrine ▪made? ▪ A/B? ▪ metab? ▪Can lead to? ▪Push dose?
111
A1
phenylepherine affinity
112
push dose pressor for short term hypotension and as a nasal decongestant
phenylepherine uses
113
▪Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor ▪Inhibits breakdown of cAMP ▪Positive inotropy ▪Potent vasodilator ▪Increased diastolic relaxation ▪Reduced preload and afterload ▪Good in the setting of receptor downregulation
milrinone ▪ inhibitor? ▪Inhibits breakdown of? ▪inotropy? ▪ vaso effect? ▪Increased? ▪Reduced? ▪Good in the setting of?
114
no binding but has: 1. B1 like effects 2. B2 like effects
milrinone affinity
115
HF
milrinone use
116
▪AKA: antidiuretic hormone ▪Stored in posterior pituitary ▪Released when plasma osmolality increases or BP drops ▪V1 (vasoconstrict) and V2 (retain volume) receptor agonist ▪Neutral to negative impact on CO ▪Dose dependent SVR and vagal tone increase ▪Not affected by pH
vasopressin ▪AKA ▪Stored in? ▪Released when? ▪receptor agonist? ▪Neutral to negative impact on? ▪Dose dependent effects? ▪Not affected by?
117
A1 like effects
ADH affinity?
118
pts with acidosis to increase bp
ADH uses
119
Clonidine Dexmedetomidine Guanfacine Methyldopa
A2 selective agonists
120
▪Drop BP by reducing sympathetic tone ▪Effective antihypertensive ▪Class effect = sedation
Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine, Guanfacine, Methyldopa ▪bp? ▪Effective? ▪Class effect = A2 AGONISTS
121
candidasis
long term clonidine oral effect
122
no effects on bp, all sedative A2 agonist
Dexmedetomidine effects
123
ADHD; activates A2 in PF cortex to incrase focus
guanfacine use
124
HTN tx during pregnancy
methyldopa key use
125
▪Rapid CNS uptake ▪Stimulant ▪Effects mediated by NE and DA (indirect sympathetomeitic)
▪Amphetamine ▪ CNS uptake ▪effect? ▪Effects mediated by?
126
▪Amphetamine variant/ amphetamine like molecule ▪Similar effect and abuse potential to amphetamine ▪Use: ADD-spectrum ▪Caution - UDS no effects on teeth postive on drug tests
▪Methylphenidate (Ritalin) ▪ variant? ▪ effect? ▪Use: ▪Caution?
127
▪Psychostimulant ▪Totally different from amphetamine but a amp like molecule ▪NE, DA reuptake inhibition ▪NE, DA, 5-HT3, glutamate increase; GABA decrease ▪Use: narcolepsy
▪Modafinil (Provigil) ▪role? ▪Totally different from? ▪NE, DA? ▪NE, DA, 5-HT3, glutamate?; GABA? ▪Use:
128
▪Selective NE reuptake inhibition ▪No CV effects ▪Clonidine-like effect ▪Use: ADD
▪Straterra ▪function ▪CV effects ▪?-like effect ▪Use:
129
▪Local anesthetic, peripheral sympathomimetic ▪Reuptake inhibition,especially dopamine ▪Excited delirium ▪Avoid concurrent betablockade ▪Use: epistaxis
▪Cocaine ▪Local?, peripheral? ▪mechanism? ▪sign of abuse (mental) ▪Avoid? ▪Use:
130
Albuterol Levalbuterol Terbutaline
short acting beta agonsits (SABA)
131
acute managment, B2 agonist but also A1 so HR may increase (can pt handle?)
albuterol
132
L sterioisomer of albuterol used instead of albuterol for no A1 effect
Levalbuterol
133
SABA used in severe cases: IV/IM administration
terbutaline
134
Formoterol Salmeterol
LABAs
135
▪Advair = salmeterol + fluticasone ▪Symbicort = formoterol +budesonide ▪Dulera – formoterol + mometasone
LABA + steroid formulations
136
▪α1 blockade blocks vasoconstriction ▪Can lead to Orthostatic hypotension
A antag CV pharm effects
137
▪Miosis, nasal stuffiness ▪Decreased resistance to urinary flow
other effect A antag
138
A non-comp antag for pheochromocytoma
phenoxybenzamine use
139
▪Blocks α1 and α2 ▪Decreased PVR and cardiac stimulation ▪Can lead to CV adverse reactions: tachycardia with ischemia due to decrased VR
phentolamine ▪Blocks? ▪Decreased? ▪ADR?
140
pheochromocytoma reverse LA in soft tissue reduce extravasation rxns
uses of phentolamine
141
prazosin terazosin doxazosin
selective A1 blockers
142
Selective α1 antagonists ▪Arterial and venous vascular smooth muscle relaxation and prostate relaxation ▪50% bioavailability, First pass effect
prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin Selective? functions? % bioavailability
143
▪Competitive α1 blocker ▪High bioavailability ▪More specific to prostate ▪Less orthostatic hypotension= safest for BPH
tamsulosin (flomax) ▪effect? ▪ bioavailability? ▪More specific to? ▪Less?
144
▪Antagonize effects of catecholamines and beta agonists ▪Differ in affinity for β1 and β2 ▪β1 specificity decreases as dose increases ▪End in -lol (-olol, -ilol,-alol)
beta blockers ▪Antagonize effects of? ▪Differ in affinity for? ▪β1 specificity decreases with? ▪End in?
145
▪β1= β2 > α1 > α2
▪Labetalol, carvedilol receptor affinty
146
▪β1>>> β2
▪Metoprolol, betaxolol, acebutolol, esmolol, atenolol, nebivolol receptor affinty
147
β1= β2
▪Propranolol, carteolol, penbutolol, pindolol, timolol
148
▪Beta-1 selective ▪Short t1/2 ▪Quick onset ▪Requires central line for administration (IV) ▪Great for tight BP control in aortic dissection
esmolol ▪selective ▪t1/2 ▪onset ▪Requires what for administration? ▪Great for?
149
▪Beta and alpha blockade ▪3:1 oral ▪7:1 IV ▪Dose dependent duration of action, up to 20 hours
labetalol ▪blockade of ▪ b;a ratio oral and IV ▪duration of action, up to?
150
which beta blockers have both B and A effects?
labetalol and carvedilol
151
which beta blockers have mainly B1 effects? (B1 specific)
BE A MAN betaxolol esmolol atenolol metoprolol acebutolol nebivolol
152
which beta blockers have equal B1 and 2 effects
propranolol carteolol penbutolol pindolol timolol

PHARM (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions