Adult Drug Monographs Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the indications for acetaminophen?
Analgesic and antipyretic
What are the contraindications for acetaminophen?
-Allergy
-Sever hepatic impairment
-Dose of acetaminophen has been given in the last 4 hours
-If you suspect an overdose
What is the dosing of acetaminophen?
500-100mg PO/IV
How does acetaminophen work?
Poorly understood but believed to work on the COX system to reduce prostaglandins and inflammation.
What is the indications for ASA?
Chest pain or S&S of cardiac ischemia
What are the contraindications of ASA?
-Allergy
-ASA precipitated bronchospasm or other NSAID induced
-Active or recent bleeding
-Pediatric pt. with S&S of a viral illness
What is the dose of ASA?
162mg PO
How does ASA work?
Inhibiting COX-1 which inhibits TXA2 which does not allow platlets to bind
What are the indications of adenosine?
Conversion and termination of a SVT
What are the contraindications for adenosine?
-Allergy
-Second or third degree heart block
What is the dose of adenosine?
6mg IV
if it doesnt terminate the SVT then
12mg IV
How does adenosine work?
Hyperpolarizes the AV nodal cells with chloride which prevents the action potential
What are the indications for amiodarone?
-V-fib
-Pulseless V-tach
-Unstable V-tach
-Recurrent V-tach following cardioversion
What are the contraindications of amiodarone?
Allergy
Cardiogenic shock
Marked symptomatic sinus bradycardia
second or third degree HB
What are the dosages for each respected indication for amiodarone?
-V-fib or pulseless V-Tach 300mg IV push, followed by a 150mg IV push after 10mins if not resolved
-Unstable V-tach and recurrent V-tach following cardioversion 150mg over 10 mins (150mg into a 50ml bag with 10gtt set at a 1gtt/s)
-Stable monomorphic WCT or symptomatic runs of WCT 150mg over 10 mins (same as above, however you must call Clinicall before admin because pt. is coherent)
How does amiodarone work?
Is a class 3 antiarrhythmic with properties of all 4 classes (potassium channel blocker) blocks potassium from leaving the cell allowing the absolute refractory period to elongate not allowing another action potential to be discharged.
What are the indications for atropine?
-Restoration of HR in bradydysrhythmias
-Sinus bradycardia (<50) with hemodynamic compromise
-Bradycardia secondary to atrioventricular nodal blocks
-Treatment of organophosphate poisoning
-Control of secretions in palliative care
What are the contraindications for atropine?
-hypersensitive to atropine
-tachycardia
-glaucoma
-thyrotoxicosis
-prostatic hypertrophy
-myasthenia gravis
What are the dosages for atropine for each respected indication?
-bradycardia: .06mg iv push (max dose of: .04mg/kg, usually 3mg in most pt.)
-Organophosphate Poisoning: 1-2mg im/iv repeat every 5-60mins until symptoms resolve
-Secretions: 0.6mg IM
How does atropine work?
it is a anti-cholenergic and inhibits the Mu receptors by antagonizing the acetylcholine
What are the indications of calcium chloride?
-cardiac arrest due to suspected hyperkalemia
-suspected hyperkalemia with cardiovascular toxicity
-calcium channel blocker over dose with symptoms of bradycardia or hemodynamic instability
What are the contraindications for calcium chloride?
-hypersensitivity to Calcium Chloride
-Primary or secondary hypercalcemia
What are the dosages for calcium chloride for all respected indications?
For all indications:
-1-2g IV infusion over 10mins (you may push it in cardiac arrest)
-you may repeat once in 10 mins if indications are still present
How does calcium chloride work?
It is a electrolyte which the body uses for multiple functions. Its main purpose is for myocardial contraction and automaticity
