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Adult emergencies 4 Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the Hypothalamus

A

lower middle of the brain

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2
Q

Where is the pituitary gland

A

inferior to the hypothalamus psoterior to te sinus cavity

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3
Q

Where is the Thyroid gland

A

butterfly shaped gland that lies flat against the trachea in the anterior neck

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4
Q

Where is the parathyroid

A

four tiny glands located posterior adjacent to or inferior to the thyroid

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5
Q

Where are the adrenal glands

A

two triangular glands, each located superior to a kidney

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6
Q

Where is the Pineal gland

A

inferior and posterior to the thalamus

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7
Q

What hormones does the hypothalamus produce

A

growth hormone, thyrotropin, corticotropin, gondrotropin, prolactin

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8
Q

What hormones does the pituitary gland release

A

oxytocin, antidiuretic (arginine vasopressin) , prolactin

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9
Q

What is are some thyroid disorders

A

hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, myxedema, thyroid storm, thyrotoxicosis

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10
Q

List disorders of the pancreas

A

diabetes mellitus 1&2, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHNS)

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11
Q

Disorders of the adrenal glands

A

Addison’s disease, cushings syndrome

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12
Q

what things can CPAP do for a patient

A

maintain airway pressure , maintain patency of small airways and alveoli, improve gas exchange, improve delivery of bronchodilators, moves extracellular fluid into vasculature, reduce work of breathing

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13
Q

list indications for CPAP

A

CHF, pylmonary edema-near drowning-inhalation exposure, COPD,Asthma,Pneumonia

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14
Q

list contraindications to CPAP

A

Altered LOC or unconscious, upper airway trauma, hypotension0CHF, Pneumothorax, apneic, serious dysrhythmias, NV, GI bleeds

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15
Q

What are symptoms of Graves disease

A

swollen neck, and often protruding eyes

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16
Q

what is addisons disease

A

shrinking of the adrenals

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17
Q

What is cushings syndrome

A

abnormal high levels of corticosteroid

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18
Q

what is a characteristic of cushings syndrome

A

moon face and red

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19
Q

what is a characteristic of addisons disease

A

hyperpigmentation

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20
Q

where are the adrenal glands located

A

on top of each kidney

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21
Q

what are the 3 classifications of renal failure and how do they happen

A

prerenal-poor perfusion, intrarenal-conditions that damage tissure, and postrenal-obstruction of urine from both kidneys

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22
Q

what percent of blood flow per beat does the kidney receive

A

about 25% per beat..approx 1L per minute

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23
Q

what is a normal BUN level

A

10-20

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24
Q

acute renal failure happens how

A

rapid onset,

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25
chronic renal failure happes how
gradually over months
26
what do ESRD patients get CHF
due to fluid overload
27
Hyperkalemia is
getting too much potassium..
28
what is renal calculi
kidney stones
29
what is fourniers gangrene
bacterial infection of the skin that affects the genitals and perineum
30
what is phimosis
tightness of the foreskin of the penis
31
what do the nephrons do
functional unit of kidney, filter bood, remove waste and produce urine
32
renal failure may result in what
uremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis, hypertension, and volume overload with CHF
33
systemic disease linked with diabetes and hypertension
chronic renal failure
34
inflammation of part the the male reproductive system
epididymitis
35
can cause bascular infarction and loss of function
testicular torsion
36
infectious process that causes dysuria and hematuria
urinary tract infection
37
causes include enlarged prostate and CNS dysfunction
urinary retention
38
caused by an excess of insoluble salts in the urine
urinary calculi
39
upper urinary infection treated with IV antibiotics
pyelonephritis
40
what are 5 things doc lohmeier says never do
withhold treatment,no alcohol at work, failure to remediate, falsify medical records,intent to harm a patient, actively ignore protocol,
41
about 95% of the volume of formed elements consists of
red blood cells, erythrocytes
42
white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets make up what percent of formed elements of blood
5%
43
this is characterized by an unusually large number of RBC's in the blood
polycythemia
44
this is caused by a deficiency of blood protein called factor VIII
Hemophilia A
45
this is caused by a deficiency of factor IX
Hemophilia B
46
low platelet count is called what
thrombocytopenia
47
what are the 5 T's and 1 P of arterial ischemia
Pain, Pallor, parethesias, paralysis, pulselessness, temperature
48
what are symptoms of a DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis
leg pain-especially in calf, redness, warm/hot, loss of pulses, positive homan's sign-pain with dorsiflexion, can cause pulmonary emboli
49
what are the two seizure classification types
generalized seizures and partial seizures
50
what is status epilepticus
clinical or subclinical seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes
51
Aura
recurrent feeling that may warn the patient that a more involved seizure is about to begin
52
what is c. diff colitis
inflammation of the colon caused by the bacterium colstridium difficile
53
what is communicability period
stage of infection that begins when the latent period ends and continues as long as the agent is present and can spread to other hosts
54
what is disease period
stage of infection that gollows the incubation period; the duration of tis stage varies with the disease
55
what are the differences between the hepatitis A,B,C
A- viral ..B- | serum, C-non-A/non-B
56
what is incubation period
stage of infection during which an organism reproduces , it begins with invasion of the agent and ends when the disease process begins
57
what is latent period
stage of infection that begins when a pathogenic agent invades the body and ends when the agent can be shed or cummunicated
58
what is the chain of transmission
agent, reservoir, exit, route of transmission, entry, susceptible host
59
what are 3 routes of transmission
contact, droplet,airborne
60
what are 2 other routes of transmission of disease
vehicle and vector
61
name 3 diseases that are spread by airborne route
TB, chicken pox, measles
62
Alcohol will not kill spore-forming agents..name 2
C. diff, and Anthrax wound drainage
63
the body is protected form infectious disease by external and internal barriers , what are they
external-skin, gastro system, upper resp tract and genitourinary tract. Internal-inflammatory response and immune response
64
what are the 4 stages of progression of infectious disease
latent, incubation, communicability, and disease period
65
hepatitis is a ________ disease
viral
66
rabies is a _______________ disease
acute viral infection of the CNS
67
infection that produces influenza like symptoms, dark colored urine and light colored stools
hepatitis
68
humoral immunity are
antibodies-proteins produced by certain white blood cells
69
cell mediated immunity
white blood cells-numerous types
70
list the bloodborne pathogens
AIDS,Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C,
71
list the routine vaccine preventable diseases
measles, mumps,rubella,pertussis,tetanus,chicken pox
72
list the misc bacterial diseases
meningitis,TB, lyme disease
73
list the misc viral diseases
Hepatitis A, Influenza,Rabies, Mono, genital herpies, syphillis,chlamydia,
74
what are 2 ectoparasites
lice, scabies
75
macular rash that can cause severe birth defects if a susceptible mother is exposed
Rubella
76
bacterial pulmonary infection spread by airborne droplets
TB
77
viral infection that impairs the ability of the body to fight other infectious disease
HIV
78
Sexually transmitted disease characterized in the early stage by a painless chancre
herpes simplex
79
inflammation of lining of the central nervous system that may produce headache, stiff neck, seizures and coma
meningitis
80
bacterial infection that produces mocupurulent discharge but rarely causes septicemia
gonorrhea
81
generalized illness accompanied by vesicular lesions, fever and malaise
varicella
82
what is the primary mode of transmission for rubella, mumps, and varicella
respiratory droplets
83
childhood disease violent cough can persist for 1 to 2 months
pertussis
84
secondary complication of influenza often associated with severe illness or death
pneumonia
85
mono affects what organ and can be severe
spleen
86
which body system harbors the dormant herpesvirus
nervous system

paramedic (9 decks)

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