Adult Exam 2

Question 1

what medication SHOULDN’T you give someone with hepatitis

Answer 1

acetaminophen

Question 2

what puts people at higher risk for hepatitis

Answer 2

drug users
gay men
sex partners
tattoos needles
blood transfusions

Question 3

places/populations with higher hepatitis risk

Answer 3

prisons and homeless

Question 4

warning signs of TB

Answer 4

COUGHING UP/SPUTUM BLOOD
night sweats

Question 5

Classic symptoms of COPD

Answer 5

chronic productive cough
wheezing
barrel chest
clubbing

Question 6

what can COPD progress into?

Answer 6

right-sided heart failure

Question 7

Nursing Priority for COPD

Answer 7

monitor SPO2 levels (don’t want them too high)

Question 8

COPD diet

Answer 8

high-calorie diet/ nutritional supplement
high protein
small frequent meals

Question 9

treating patients with COPD with “hard work of breathing”

Answer 9

sit them up, pursed-lip breathing, oxygen, rescue inhaler
DON’T NEED OXYGEN

Question 10

what should a COPD patient do if their O2 is low at home while they have home oxygen on

Answer 10

call provider (priority)
don’t change O2 levels on your own

Question 11

how many liters of O2 are necessary to humidify O2?

Answer 11

4 L = humidify

Question 12

why do we humidify O2?

Answer 12

to protect nasal cavities (icky redness)

Question 13

what lubricants do we use vs not use

Answer 13

use: water-based
don’t: petroleum

Question 14

classic symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 14

wheezing/crackles accompanied by FEVER
not just one or another
SOB

Question 15

vitals for pneumonia

Answer 15

HR: increase
Neuro: confusion

Question 16

education for pneumonia

Answer 16

take meds all the way through (not just until you feel better) or bacteria/fungus might become resistant

Question 17

how to prevent pneumonia

Answer 17

spirometer
cough and deep breathing exercises
encourage mobility after procedure (at high risk post-op)

Question 18

how do we know that a patient’s O2 therapy is effective?

Answer 18

ABG levels (PAO2 level)

Question 19

what is not normal for CHRONIC emphysema?

Answer 19

crackles
crackles= acute/something new is wrong

Question 20

bradycardia

Answer 20

HR of 60 or lower

Question 21

tachycardia

Answer 21

100 or higher

Question 22

normal sinus rhythm

Answer 22

60-100

Question 23

elevated BP =

Answer 23

systolic 120-129
OR
diastolic less than 80

Question 24

stage 1 HTN

Answer 24

systolic 130-139
OR
diastolic 80-89

Question 25

stage 2 HTN

Answer 25

systolic 140-149 OR diastolic 90-100

Question 26

How many readings to determine if someone is HTN

Answer 26

3 times

Question 27

what diet should someone with HTN have?

Answer 27

low sodium

Question 28

low sodium diet

Answer 28

not salting meats nothing canned no soups

Question 29

HTN person taking ACE-1 concern/teaching what to do if concern happens?

Answer 29

"ACE cough" switch to ARB ONE OR THE OTHER TO TREAT HTN

Question 30

steps to treat HTN

Answer 30

diet/exercise before medicating

Question 31

HTN meds:

Answer 31

ACE or ARB diuretics beta-blockers

Question 32

what to know before starting a diuretic

Answer 32

check potassium level

Question 33

beta-blocker concern

Answer 33

check HR

Question 34

HTN crisis levels:

Answer 34

systolic over 180 diastolic over 120

Question 35

symptoms of HTN crisis

Answer 35

not always symptomatic SOB, heart palpations, BLOODY NOSE

Question 36

nurse intervention during HTN crisis

Answer 36

keep patient safe (they stay in bed) regularly check BP (every 15 min) call provider to escalate care

Question 37

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 37

standing up or laying down causing drop in BP

Question 38

left-sided vs right-sided heart failure differences

Answer 38

left = lungs right = body

Question 39

left-sided heart failure priorities

Answer 39

ABCs then oxygen

Question 40

test to evaluate heart failure

Answer 40

echo- shows ejection fraction

Question 41

what ejection fraction percentage is considered heart failure?

Answer 41

less than 55%

Question 42

left-sided heart symptoms

Answer 42

dyspnea crackles oliguria decreased O2 levels

Question 43

right-sided heart failure symptoms

Answer 43

jugular vein distension (JVD) anorexia/nausea increase peripheral venous pressure ascites (fluid in abdomen)

Question 44

AICD

Answer 44

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks heart when not working (built-in defibrillator/on-the-go!)

Question 45

what to teach with AICD

Answer 45

can't do MRI airport security is a special process medical alert bracelet know CPR

Question 46

what to do after AICD fires (as patient)

Answer 46

call the provider immediately

Question 47

in general: what is PVD?

Answer 47

Peripheral vascular disease narrowing of peripheral blood vessels

Question 48

PVD signs/symptoms

Answer 48

intermittent claudication (pain while active) paresthesia (pins and needles)

Question 49

who is at risk for PVD

Answer 49

older adults SMOKING diabetes high cholesterol

Question 50

how to screen/test for PVD

Answer 50

ABI test (ankle brachial index test) compares wrist pulse to ankle pulse

Question 51

venous PVD sign

Answer 51

swelling dark pigment

Question 52

arterial PVD sign

Answer 52

cool and white (pallor) pain during leg elevation

Question 53

which one is more critical arterial or vein?

Answer 53

Arterial

Question 54

meds to treat VTE

Answer 54

blood thinners (either heparin or Lovenox injection)

Question 55

what is a VTE

Answer 55

blood clot in vein

Question 56

how is a VTE diagnosed?

Answer 56

ultrasound

Question 57

what not to do to someone's leg when they have a blood clot?

Answer 57

do NOT massage

Question 58

Raynaud's phenomenon

Answer 58

color change cold/numb skin vasospasms in hand - caused by cold

Question 59

what not to do during Raynaud's

Answer 59

don't just warm hands up medicate!