Adults, Food Safety (31/32)!

Question 1

Life expectancy

Answer 1

-AVERAGE number of years lived
-women in Canada: 83.8
-men in Canada: 79.3

Question 2

Life span

Answer 2

-MAXIMUM number of years
-humans = 120 years

Question 3

Slow effects of age: healthy habits

Answer 3

1) sleep
2) well-balanced meals
3) regular PA
4) no smoking

Question 4

How did energy restriction (30-50% less) impact the long term health of animals?

Answer 4

-increased lifespan
-fewer age related diseases
-aging genes less active
-less oxidative stress

Question 5

Physiological changes in aging

Answer 5

1) body composition (increased fat, reduced bone/muscle)
2) immune system (declines w/ age)
3) GI tract (decreased acidity/strength, more constipation)
4) Endocrine (hormones inc/dec)

Question 6

Tooth loss occurs

Answer 6

-chewing more difficult/painful
-dentures

Question 7

Sensory loss

Answer 7

-poor eyesight
-taste sensitivity decreases
-smell declines
-lost hearing
…leads to social isolation

Question 8

Psychological effects

Answer 8

-depression
-loss of appetite and motivation to cook/eat

Question 9

Economic effects

Answer 9

20% >65 live in poverty

Question 10

Water requirements

Answer 10

-total body water decreases
-mild fever or hot weather can lead to dehydration

Question 11

Energy requirements

Answer 11

-decline
-estimated 5% per decade

Question 12

Protein requirements

Answer 12

-important for immune system and to prevent muscle wasting

Question 13

Important vitamins

Answer 13

-B12
-vitamin D
-calcium
-iron

Question 14

cataracts

Answer 14

-thickening of eye lens
-blurred vision

Question 15

macular degeneration

Answer 15

-deterioration of centre of retina
-blurred/blind sport in center of vision

Question 16

What may be protective for eye health?

Answer 16

Antioxidants

Question 17

Osteoarthritis and food recom.

Answer 17

-cushioning cartilage (in joints) breaks down
-prebiotic fibre

Question 18

Rheumatoid arthritis and food recom.

Answer 18

-disease of immune system
-painful inflammation of joints
-omega 3 and fish oils

Question 19

Alzheimer’s food recom.

Answer 19

whole grains

Question 20

Main food safety concerns

Answer 20

-food borne illnesses
-environmental contaminants
-naturally occurring toxicants
-pesticide residues
-food additives

Question 21

Severe food poisoning symptoms (see doctor)

Answer 21

-vomiting (can’t keep liquids down)
-bloody diarrhea
-dehydration
-fever higher than 102F
-diarrhea for 3+ days

Question 22

Hepatitis A

Answer 22

-inflammation of liver
-fatigue, nausea, dark urine
-ingest food/water w/ feces of infected person
-commonly contaminated water

Question 23

Giardia

Answer 23

-parasite
-contaminated water
-diarrhea (explosive/chronic)
-“beaver fever”

Question 24

Listeriosis

Answer 24

-hot dogs, deli meats, unpasteurized milk, soft cheese (AVOID DURING PREGNANCY)
-gut symptoms and fever
-high death rate in fetus and infants

Question 25

Salmonella

Answer 25

-raw/uncooked eggs and meat, raw dairy, sprouts, cantaloupe -gut symptoms

Question 26

E. coli

Answer 26

-undercooked ground beef, contaminated water -water/bloody diarrhea, cramps

Question 27

Food intoxicants: botulism

Answer 27

-canned veggies/meat, honey, oils -blurred vision, difficulty speaking, paralysis, can be fatal -anti toxin needed immediately

Question 28

Food intoxicants: staphylococcal

Answer 28

-"classic picnic food poisoning" -tuna/potato/macaroni salad, cream filled pastries, meat, poultry -gut symptoms, fever -quick onset and recovery

Question 29

Food safety in the kitchen

Answer 29

1) clean/safe kitchen 2) avoid cross contamination 3) keep hot foods hot 4) keep cold foods cold

Question 30

Mad cow disease

Answer 30

-caused by prion -consumption of infected meat -Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease -leads to death (brain damage)

Question 31

Mercury contamination

Answer 31

-fungicides, fossil fuel exhaust, chemical plants, large fish

Question 32

Which fish to avoid when pregnant?

Answer 32

-shark, swordfish, bass, lake trout, walleye, chain pickerel, tile fish, king mackerel -interferes w/ fetal brain development

Question 33

Bioaccumulation

Answer 33

-adds up in system over time because not degraded or removed

Question 35

Additives must be proven:

Answer 35

-effective -measurable in product -safe

Question 36

Intentional additives

Answer 36

-antimicrobial agents -antioxidants -color additives -artificial flavors -texture and stability -nutrient additives

Question 37

Indirect additives

Answer 37

-chemicals/microplastics from microwave packaging (high temps) -use glass/ceramic