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Integumentary System > Advanced Integumentary/Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Advanced Integumentary/Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers skin:

A

epidermis/dermis(sebaceous gland and sudoiriferous glands)/superficial fascia (subcutaneous)

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2
Q

many inherited/acquired diseases afflict:

A

the skin

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3
Q

skin usually first part of body to display:

A

signs & symptoms if an internal disorder cuz we feel/see/touch our skin lots

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4
Q

medical field specializing in integumentary system and physician specializing in dermatology:

A

dermatologist
dermatology

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5
Q

result of bacterial infection of sebaceous gland. Evident by numerous open comedones (blackheads) and closed comedones (whiteheads), can appear on face/neck/back/chest. Common adolescents. Caused by rapid growth of sebaceous glands during this period of life.

A

Acne

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6
Q

precancerous condition of skin caused by exposure to sunlight. Forms skin lesions due yo overgrowths of epidermis, usually with scaly surfaces.

A

actinic keratosis
actin- radiation ic-pertaining to
kerat-hard osis-condition of

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7
Q

genetic condition characterized by reduction of pigment melanin in the skin

A

Albinism
albin- white ism- condition/disease

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8
Q

loss/lack of scalp hair is clinical sign known as baldness or ______. Sign if scalp infection/high fever/drug reactions/chemotherapy/emotional stress. Often male pattern baldness in men which is result of genetically controlled factor that preventd development of hair follicles in certain areas of scalp.

A

Alopecia

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9
Q

injury to the skin caused by excessive exposure to: fire/electricity/chemicals/sunlight.

A

Burn

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10
Q

Extent of burn injury us determined by amount of surface area damaged (TBSA total body surface area) and depth of damage. Is life threatening when:

A

large TBSA is damaged and exposed skin to infection

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11
Q

classification if a burn or injury by depth if skin:

A

partial thickness (superficial)
partial thickness (deep)
full thickness (to subcutaneous layer)

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12
Q

skin infection. Cluster if furuncles or boils. common source of infection is staphylococci bacteria/latin carbo (live coal refers to hot pain)

A

carbuncle

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13
Q

cancerous tumor. melanoma.

A

carcinoma
carcin- cancer oma-tumor

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14
Q

tumors arising from epidermis. Usually remain localized, but will spread & become serious if left untreated.

A

basal cell (less dangerous/more common)
squamous cell (can be dangerous)

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15
Q

inflammation of lil cells. Inflammation of the connective tissue in the dermis. Caused by infection that spreads from the skin surface or hair follicles to the dermis, and sometimes subcutaneous tissue.

A

cellulitis
cellul - lil cell
itis- inflammation

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16
Q

inflammation of lil follicles.

A

folliculitis
follicul-lil follicle
itis-inflammation

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17
Q

generalized inflammation of skin:
edema of dermis/pruritis/uritcaria/vesicles/wheals/combo

A

dermatitis

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18
Q

edema of dermis

A

swelling

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19
Q

pruritis

A

itchy skin

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20
Q

urticaria

A

hives

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21
Q

vesicles

A

blisters

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22
Q

wheals

A

itchy elevation of skin

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23
Q

types of dermatitis:

A

contact-physical contact with triggering substance
seborrheic-inherited (excessive sebum)
actinic- exposure to sunlight

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24
Q

superficial form of dermatitis also called atopic dermatitis. severe chronic pruritis/deep scaliness

A

Eczema

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25
Q

leaking blood vessels in the dermis. Patches of purple-red skin discoloration (purpura), larger than petechiae (small red/purple dots)

A

ecchymosis
Ec-outside
chym-juice
osis-condition of

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26
Q

viral skin eruption produces clusters of deep blisters. Vesicles appear periodically/affecting borders between mucous membranes and skin. Infectious and transferable when vesicles burst open and physical contact occurs

A

herpes

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27
Q

herpes (hsv) has 2 major types:

A

oral caused by herpes virus type 1
genital caused by herpes virus type 2

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28
Q

profuse sweating. Caused by nervous disorder/low blood sugar/thyroid disease.

A

Hyperhidrosis
hyper-excessive/high/above
hidr-sweat
osis-condition of

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29
Q

contagious skin infection.small vesicles usually around lips, caused by bacteria enters a break in skin (animal/insect). Gold crusts then rupture of vesicles.

A

Impetigo

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30
Q

form of skin cancer arising from connective tissue of dermis. Brown/purple patches appear on the skin. Some elder pts. Common condition of Hiv/aids

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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31
Q

older skin becomes lighter cuz of reduced activity of pigment producing skin cells called melanocytes. Means white skin

A

leukoderma

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32
Q

most life threatening skin cancer is malignant melanoma. arises from cells normally providing the pigment melanin to the skin, called melanocytes. Once in skin, tumor grows quickly and metastasizes (spreads elsewhere in the body). Almost half cases come from nevi (moles)

A

Melanoma
melan-black
oma-tumor

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33
Q

nail become buried in skin due to abnormal growth, Ingrown toenail, disease of nail is called onychopathy

A

onychocryptosis
onycho nail
crypt hidden
osis-condition of

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34
Q

nails becoming abnormally soft. Result if calcium/vitamin D deficiency/fungal infection

A

Onychomalacia
malacia means softening

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35
Q

fungal infection of one or more nails.

A

onycho mycosis
myc-fungus
osis-condition of

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36
Q

infection around nail

A

paronychia
par-alongside abnormal
ia-condition of

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37
Q

head lice. Pubic region/scalp/body lice. Small eggs called nits can attach to hair shafts, treat with medicated shampoo

A

pediculosis
pedicul-body louse
osis-condition of

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38
Q

painful chronic disease of skin. Red lesions covered with silvery epidermal scales. auto-immune where body’s own white blood cells attack healthy cells.

A

Psoriasis

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39
Q

female itch mite causing skin eruption burrows in skin to get blood produces symptoms of dermatitis

A

scabies

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40
Q

thickening/hardness of skin. Overproduction of collagen in the dermis.

A

scleroderma
sclero-hard

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41
Q

chronic progressive disease of connective tissue in many organs, including the skin. SLE early stages red patches on skin of face and joint pain,

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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42
Q

fungal infection of skin. Ringworm cuz of ring shaped pattern on skin.

A

Tinea

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43
Q

3 forms of tinea:

A

capitis- scalp and can cause alopecia
pedis-foot athletes foot
corporis-elsewhere on body

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44
Q

fungal infection of hair

A

trichomycosis
tricho-hair
myc/fungus
osis-condition of

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45
Q

hypo secretion of oil glands causing abnormally dry skin. (Inherited)

A

xeroderma
xero-dry
a-singular

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46
Q

minor surgery to remove tissue for evaluation. Make dx of suspected tumor of skin.

A

biopsy

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47
Q

procedure to clean skin thats contacted with a dirty object. Involves surgical removal of a foreign matter and unwanted tissue,

A

debridement

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48
Q

cosmetic surgery using abrasives similar to sandpaper to remove unwanted scars, tattoos, and other elevations. Alternative is chemical peel. Which removes outer epidermal layers.

A

dermabrasion

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49
Q

dermabrasion is used to treat:

A

acne/wrinkles/sundamage

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50
Q

abras-

A

rub away

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51
Q

-ion

A

process

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52
Q

autograft. surgical procedure to improve healing to large areas of skin like burns, uses pt’s skin as graft after it has grown in s media solution.,

A

dermatoautoplasty
auto-self
plasty-surgical repair

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53
Q

skin graft from another persons skin

A

dermatoheteroplasty

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54
Q

instrument cuts thin slices of skin for grafting. removes skin lesions. used for dermatoautoplasty.

A

dermatome
-tome cutting instrument

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55
Q

procedure where skin tissue us transplanted to body surface. General teem for surgical procedure of skin.

A

dermatoplasty

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56
Q

chemical agent that softens/smooths skin. Topical/oral antibiotics manage infections such as acne/carbuncles. Retinoids may be used to manage certain forms of acne cuz they slough away upper layers of epidermis, Ultraviolet light therapy is another treatment

A

Emollient

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57
Q

surgical removal of skin wrinkles.

A

rhytidectomy
rhytid means wrinkle

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58
Q

plastic surgery is skin treatment used to repair skin:

A

after major surgery
correction of congenital defect
cosmetic improvement

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59
Q

surgical removal of subcutaneous fat by inserting device that vacuums fat tissue out of body.

A

liposuction

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60
Q

skeletal & muscular system diseases are often a result of:

A

injury
infections
tumor development
endocrine disease
inherited disorders

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61
Q

field of medicine focusing on skeletal:/muscular disease is:

A

orthopedics and physician is orthopedist

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62
Q

causes dwarfism. abnormally short limbs and stature. 80% caused by random mutation of genes b4 birth. 20% inherited.

A

achondroplasia
a-without/absence of
chondr/o-cartilage
-plasia formation/growth

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63
Q

abnormal adhesion of 2 bones. damages joint structure between em.

A

ankylosis
ankyl crooked
osis- condition of

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64
Q

abbrev AS. condition affects 2 + bones of the vertebral column. causes rigid spine.

A

ankylosing spondylitis

spondylitis- inflammation of vertebrae

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65
Q

general disorder inflammation/degeneration of a joint. Literally means joint inflammation.

A

arthritis
Arthr- joint

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66
Q

2 forms of arthritis:

A

osteoarthritis (OA)-aging/wearing of joint structures gradually replaced by bone
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-auto/immune/joint structures erode by actions of the body’s white blood cells

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67
Q

articular cartilage in synovial joints become inflamed. joint paint during movements. temporary usually caused by localized infection.

A

arthrochondritis
arthr- joint
chondr- cartilage
Itis-inflammation

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68
Q

abnormal enlargement of the joint the base of the big toe. caused by inflammation of the bur near big toe.

A

bunion

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69
Q

causes of bunions:

A

inherited foot deformity
injury to foot
narrow/tight shoes
arthritis
stress on foot

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70
Q

inflammation of bursa. Moveable joints (articular joints) surrounded by bursa sacs. Occurs when bursa sacs become irritated/inflamed and cause arthritic joint pain

A

bursitis
burs-purse/sace, bursa

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71
Q

calcium deposit within bursa, often surgically removed. confirmed with x-ray.

A

bursolith
burs/o-purse/sac
lith-stones

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72
Q

inflammation if wrist (tenosynovitis). pressure against median nerve. local pain and restricted movement. CTS. common injury for ppl workin at home computers for extended periods of time.

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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73
Q

weakness of wrist. results in difficulty Supporting the hand. wrist drop.

A

carpoptosis

carpo- wrist
ptosis- drooping

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74
Q

painful/involuntary muscular contractions causing pain: often occur in stomach wall or thigh muscle after strenuous exercise

A

cramps

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75
Q

general term disease of joint. cartilage undergoes degeneration. DJD. progressive disease. articular cartilage degrades and replaced by bone. arthritis is common form of DJD.

A

Degenerative joint disease

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76
Q

disease causing skeletal muscle degeneration. results in progressive muscle weakness & deterioration. DMD. one of 9 forms of muscular dystrophy. No cure

A

duchenne muscular dystrophy

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77
Q

inflammation of small bony elevations on humerus, near elbow joint: due to injury usually

A

epicondylitis
epi-up/upon over
condyl- knuckle of a joiny

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78
Q

disease of unknown origin: widespread pain of musculoskeletal structure of limbs/face/trunk. possible form of autoimmune disease triggered by infections or injury

A

Fibromyalgia
fibr/o- means fiber
my- muscle
algia- condition of pain

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79
Q

break in bone clinical term: most common are simple or closed (not visible from skin), open or compound: part of bone visibly penetrated thru skin causing bleeding. open has higher risk of infection.

A

Fracture

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80
Q

form of arthritis: causes injury to the joints. experience sharp pain in joints of toes, especially big toe. aggravated by diet high in protein, disorder is caused by abnormal accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints (waste products of protein metabolism)

A

gout

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81
Q

rupture of intervertebral disk (joint between 2 adjacent vertebrae of spine) causes pressure against spinal cord causes back pain. back injury often caused by: sudden movement/attempt to lift a heavy object. (Protrusion if the disk’s gelatinous center, nucleus pulposus often pushes into the spinal cord or nerves)

A

herniated disk

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82
Q

spinal deformity. occurs when upper thoracic curve bends posteriorly. causes abnormal hump at the upper back. Often accompanies osteoporosis

A

kyphosis
kyph- hump
osis- condition of

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83
Q

exaggerated anterior spinal curve in the lumbar area.

A

lordosis
lord- bent forward
osis- condition of

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84
Q

lateral curve of the spine with congenital origin (present at birth) usually in the thoracic or lumbar regions.

A

scoliosis
scoli- curved
osis- condition of

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85
Q

spinal disfigurements:

A

kyphosis-humpback upper thoracic curve bends posteriorly (outward)
lordosis-(inward) exaggerated anterior curve in the lumbar region
scoliosis-lateral curvature

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86
Q

congenital disease (present at birth) where excessive cartilage forms at the epiphyseal plates (growth plates). Forming abnormally long limbs, tall, thin body form. heart valves are also deformed; resulting in valvular heart disease.

A

marfans syndrome

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87
Q

inflammation of the meniscus causing joint paint. Meniscus is crescent-shaped band of cartilage, supports certain joints. (Knee/shoulder)

A

meniscitis
menisc-mensicus

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88
Q

3 terms to describe pus

A

suppuration
purulence
pyogenesis

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89
Q

common ulcer arising from lack of movement when lying supine for an extended period of time (bed sore)

A

decubitus

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90
Q

ex-

A

outside

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91
Q

par-

A

alongside/abnormal

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92
Q

actin/o

A

radiation

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93
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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94
Q

albin/o

A

white

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95
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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96
Q

cellul/o

A

little cell

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97
Q

chym/o

A

juice

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98
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

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99
Q

derm/o dermat/o

A

skin

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100
Q

follicul/o

A

little follicle

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101
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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102
Q

kerat/o

A

hard

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103
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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104
Q

melan/o

A

black

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105
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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106
Q

onych/o

A

nail

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107
Q

pedicul/o

A

body louse

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108
Q

scler/o

A

hard

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109
Q

trich/o

A

hair

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110
Q

xer/o

A

dry

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111
Q

-a

A

singular

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112
Q

-ia

A

condition of

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113
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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114
Q

-ism

A

condition or disease

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115
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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116
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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117
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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118
Q

-osis

A

condition of

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119
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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120
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge

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121
Q

is the most common skin disease of adolescence cauzed by rapid growth of sebaceous glands during this period of life

A

acne

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122
Q

alopecia greek alopex meaning fox which refers to form of hair loss called

A

mange

123
Q

TBSA

A

total body surface area

124
Q

eczema is a superficial form of dermatitis also called:

A

atopic dermatitis

125
Q

latin for scabby eruption:

A

impetigo

126
Q

abras/o

A

rub away

127
Q

aut/o

A

self

128
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

129
Q

-ion

A

process of

130
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

131
Q

-tome

A

cutting instrument

132
Q

skin graft using another person:

A

dermatoheteroplasty or
allograft

133
Q

BCC

A

basal cell carcinoma

134
Q

HSV

A

herpes simplex virus

135
Q

bx

A

biopsy

136
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

137
Q

SqCCa

A

squamous cell carcinoma

138
Q

muscles are attached to bones by dense bands called

A

tendons

139
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

140
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament that stabilizes knee joint

141
Q

a-

A

without/absence of

142
Q

epi-

A

upon over above on top

143
Q

para-

A

alongside/abnormal

144
Q

poly-

A

excessive

145
Q

quadri-

A

four

146
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked

147
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

148
Q

burs/o

A

purse sac bursa

149
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

150
Q

carp/o

A

wrist

151
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

152
Q

condyl/o

A

knuckle of a joint

153
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

154
Q

kyph/o

A

hump

155
Q

leuk/o

A

white

156
Q

lith/o

A

stone

157
Q

lord/o

A

bent forward

158
Q

menisc/o

A

meniscus

159
Q

my/o myos/o

A

muscle

160
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

161
Q

oste/o

A

bone

162
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

163
Q

por/o

A

hole

164
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh/meat

165
Q

scoli/o

A

curved

166
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

167
Q

synov/o synovi/o

A

synovial

168
Q

ten/o tendon/o

A

stretch/tendon

169
Q

-algia

A

condition of pain

170
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

171
Q

-cele

A

hernia/swelling/protrusion

172
Q

-emia

A

condition of blood

173
Q

-genesis

A

origin/cause

174
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

175
Q

-malacia

A

softening

176
Q

-oma

A

tumor

177
Q

-osis

A

condition of

178
Q

-plasia

A

formation/growth

179
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

180
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping

181
Q

progressive changes of rheumatoid arthritis:

A
  1. Inflammation of synovial membrane
  2. Progressive inflammation and beginning cartilage destruction
  3. Complete loss of synovial membrane
  4. Complete joint loss
182
Q

progressive failure of muscles to respond to nerve stimulation. Means serious muscle weakness.

A

myasthenia gravis
gravis serious
myasthenia muscle weakness

183
Q

red bone marrow is site of blood cell formation. malignant tumor associate with this tissue is ______ . Arises when type of white blood cell called plasma cell undergoes mutation to form tumor that first appears in red bone marrow.

A

myeloma

184
Q

muscle is surrounded by layer of tough connective tissue known as fascia. An injury to a muscle may cause muscle to tear through the fascia causing protrustion called:

A

myocele
myo-muscle
cele- hernia swelling protrusion

185
Q

common result of muscle injury is a local inflammation known as:

A

myositis

186
Q

injured or exposed to infection, bone tissue often responds to inflammation:

A

osteoitis

187
Q

results in bone deformities due to failure of bone remodeling which is balance between bone loss and bone deposition. bone pain and frequent fractures. Environmental and genetic factors.

A

osteitis deformans

188
Q

inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones is called _____ progressive leads to severe bone paon, skeletal deformities and frequent fractures

A

osteogenesis imperfecta
“Imperfect bone development”

189
Q

Disease resulting in softening of bones usually due to hormonal imbalance resulting in gradual loss of calcium from bone tissue:

A

osteomalacia

190
Q

inflammation of red bone marrow painful disease called ______ usually caused by bacterial infection

A

osteomyelitis
“Inflammation of bone marrow and bone”

191
Q

abnormal loss of bone density is common result of aging among postmenopausal women. Results in loss of posture/flexibility and increase risk of fractures:

A

osteoporosis
“Condition of holes in bone”

192
Q

2 forms of malignant bone cancers:

A

osteosarcoma
leukemia

193
Q

bone cancer arising from connective tissue usually within bone. Aggressive striking mostly young and middle teens.

A

osteosarcoma

194
Q

malignant bone cancer arising from cells of the red bone marrow named cuz if high levels of deformed white blood cells in a blood sample:

A

leukemia

195
Q

form of paralysis where there is a loss of sensation or voluntary movement of the area of body below hips including both legs:

A

paraplegia

196
Q

paralysis of all four limbs without sensation or voluntary movement:

A

quadraplegia

197
Q

inflammation of many muscles. Auto-immune body white blood cells attack healthy muscle tissue.

A

polymyositis

198
Q

children with long term Vitamin D deficiency or calcium in diet may exhibit bow legs and growth retardation. in countries with widespread malnitrition. Skeletal deformities bone softening.

A

rickets
greek rhakitis means spine

199
Q

rotator cuff is a combination of 4 muscles and there tendons that surround and stabilize the shoulder joint:

A

teres minor
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis

Trauma to the shoulder can tear tendons and muscles resulting in rotator cuff injury cauze inflammation pain join dislocation

200
Q

trauma to vertebral column may result in ____ causing paralysis of areas of body below vertebral level of injury

A

spinal cord injury (SCI)

201
Q

inflammation of joints of vertebrae. General term for inflammatory disease of joints and their associated tendons and ligaments. Most common symptom low back pain

A

spondylarthritis
Example is ankylosing spondylitis

202
Q

tear of collagen fibers within a ligament usually caused by stretching ligament beyond its normal range without warming up or slowly strethxing before exercise;

A

sprain

203
Q

similar to sprain but involving muscle . Usually caused by stretching a muscle beyond its normal range. Muscle tissue tearing and resulting capillary damage often cause a bruise

A

strain

204
Q

frequent dislocations of temporomandibular joint making it difficult and painful to move the jaw during speaking and chewing

A

TMJ temporomandibular joint disease

205
Q

inflammation of tendon common sports injury. Ex occurs when damage caused by throwing ball without warming up known as rotator cuff _____

A

tendonitis

206
Q

form of tendonitis that includes inflammation of synovial membrane surrounding the joint.

A

Tenosynovitis

207
Q

type of fracture that involves break at ankle affecting both bones of leg:

A

Pott’s

208
Q

break in distal part of radius (forarm) common in children

A

Colles’

209
Q

slight break in bone appears as slight fissure in xray

A

greenstick

210
Q

break resulting in fragmentation of bone

A

comminuted

211
Q

spiral shaped break caused by twisting stresses along the shaft

A

spiral

212
Q

crushed break in vertebra often due to impact or fall

A

compression

213
Q

break along transverse plane of bone shaft

A

transverse

214
Q

fracture caused by a disease process weakening the bone

A

pathological

215
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

216
Q

chir/o

A

hand

217
Q

cost/o

A

Rib

218
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

219
Q

crani/o

A

skull/cranium

220
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

221
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

222
Q

lamin/o

A

thin, lamina

223
Q

my/o

A

muscle

224
Q

orth/o

A

straight

225
Q

oste/o

A

bone

226
Q

pod/o

A

foot

227
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

228
Q

syn/o

A

connect

229
Q

ten/o

A

stretch/tendon

230
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

231
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

232
Q

-clasia - clasis

A

break apart

233
Q

-desis

A

surgical fixation/fusion

234
Q

-gram

A

record or image

235
Q

-graphy

A

recording process

236
Q

-iatry

A

treatment speciality

237
Q

-ist

A

one who specializes in

238
Q

-lysis

A

loosen/dissolve

239
Q

-pathy

A

disease

240
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

241
Q

-rraphy

A

suturing

242
Q

-scope

A

instrument for viewing

243
Q

-scopy

A

process of viewing

244
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

245
Q

-tomy

A

incision/to cut

246
Q

in a procedure called _____ excess fluids are aspirated through suction of a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint.

A

arthrocentesis

247
Q

when an abnormally stiff joint must be broken during surgery to increase range of motion.

A

arthroclasia

248
Q

surgical fixation of a joint

A

arthrodesis

249
Q

prior to joint surgery. It is common to obtain an x-ray of the joint after injection of contrast, media air or both tired like the synovial joint the images print it on film or record digitally. It is called:

A

arthrogram

250
Q

During an _____ a joint is loosened of abnormal restrictions, such as calcium deposits, and bursoliths

A

arthrolysis

251
Q

Procedure to repair a joint refers to a joint replacement, most common, which is a knee replacement

A

arthroplasty

252
Q

Visual examination of a joint cavity uses an instrument that integrates fiber, optics, live action, photography and computer enhancement, known as:

A

arthroscopy

253
Q

surgical incision into the synovial cavity of a joint is known as:

A

arthrotomy

254
Q

surgery involving the removal of a bursa from the joint:

A

bursectomy

255
Q

Field of therapy centred on manipulation of bones and joints more commonly the vertebral column is known as:

A

chiropractic

256
Q

Surgical, excision, or removal of cartilage associated with a joint is a common procedure known as ____surgery commonly uses arthroscopy to reduce the size of the incision and improve the surgeon view

A

chondrectomy

257
Q

surgical repair of cartilage associated with a joint

A

chondroplasty

258
Q

surgical removal of a rib

A

costectomy

259
Q

one or more bones of cranium undergoing repair during surgery.

A

cranioplasty

260
Q

when performing surgery of the brain _______ is required by cutting an opening through cranium

A

craniotomy

261
Q

A surgical procedure used to reduce pain of a herniated disc by surgically removing the intervertebral disc

A

diskectomy

262
Q

Adjacent vertebrae are fused together, following the removal of the disc has two terms

A

Spinal fusion
Spondylosyndesis

263
Q

Part of the vertebrae known as the laminas surgically removed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord also helps treat a herniated disc

A

Laminectomy

264
Q

Strength of a muscle contraction can be measured and recorded by a procedure called ______ it uses an instrument that electrically stimulate muscle, and the resulting contraction is recorded and analyze on a computer

A

Electromyography EMG

265
Q

Surgical incision into the connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle call fascia is known:

A

fasciotomy

266
Q

Orthopaedic surgeons, orthopedist, treat, fractures by Illenium, the broken bones to the normal positions in a procedure, known as ______ which means bringing back to normal

A

reduction

267
Q

manipulating the bone without surgery during reduction is known as

A

Closed fracture reduction

268
Q

If surgical intervention is needed to line and stabilize the broken area, the procedure is called

A

Open fracture reduction, where they use pins and screws rods and plates inserted to stabilize the alignment

269
Q

Pin screws Rods or plates used to stabilize a fracture is known as

A

internal fixation (external fixation, metal rods and pins are attached from outside the skin surface, while external fixation carries the advantage of avoiding the use of a plaster cast for immobilization the normal healing processes, impeded bone, grafting, or electrical phone simulation may be applied to stimulate the healing process)

270
Q

Muscle tear during a serious injury, requiring surgical intervention to promote healing during this procedure on muscle undergo surgical repair the repair:

A

Myoplasty

271
Q

Myoplasty repair often include suturing the torn muscle together in a procedure, known as:

A

myorraphy

272
Q

most common pharmacological treatment for any condition, including inflammation, or pain of muscle or bone tissue is the use of:

A

NSAIDs it’s also called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Examples of these are aspirin and ibuprofen.

273
Q

Field of medical support involving the construction and feeding of orthopaedic appliances, such as lifts, artificial limbs, and retraction devices to assist a patient is known as

A

Orthotics

274
Q

A specialist in orthotics is called an orthotist the medical term for an artificial limb is:

A

Prosthesis “to place in addition”

275
Q

surgical removal excision of bone tissue performed to remove unwanted, boney formations:

A

Ostectomy

276
Q

it becomes necessary to break a bone in some cases to correct a defect or an improperly healed fracture. This procedure is called:

A

Osteoclasis “ break apart”

277
Q

Medical field that emphasizes the relationship between the musculoskeletal system, and overall health with an emphasis on body alignment and nutrition is called

A

Osteopathy
Physician is osteopathic surgeon DO

278
Q

Surgical repair of bone is a general procedure known as:

A

Osteoplasty

279
Q

Greek word for foot is podos. when the combining form of this Greek word is combined with iatry which means treatment or specialty. It means the specialty that focusses on foot health:

A

podiatry
podiatrist

280
Q

common treatment for most internal injuries of the musculoskeletal system, such as sprains and strains, is often called by the popular acronym:

A

R rest
I ice
C compression
E elevation

281
Q

some injuries involve damage to both the muscle and it’s associated tendon surgical procedure involving the repair of both muscle and tendon it’s called:

A

tenomyoplasty

282
Q

Stepping into a hole in following can cause serious injury to the calcaneal tendon of the ankle, this tendon also known as the Achilles tendon attaches the powerful calf muscles to the large heel bone calcaneus. If it tears mobility of the affected leg becomes impossible until surgical intervention, corrects injury surgery is called:

A

Tenorrhaphy involve suturing of a tendon to close a tear

283
Q

A tenorraphy often includes the procedure where one or more incisions are made, and do a tendon called:

A

tenotomy

284
Q

surgical procedure that repairs damage or disease vertebrae is called:

A

Vertebroplasty

285
Q

ACL

A

Anterior cruciate ligament ligament that stabilizes the knee joint

286
Q

AS

A

ankylosing spondylitis

287
Q

CTS

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

288
Q

DJD

A

Degenerative joint disease

289
Q

DMD

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

290
Q

DO

A

Physicians specializing in osteopathy

291
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography

292
Q

HNP

A

Herniated nucleus pulposus
a herniated intervertebral disc

293
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

294
Q

NSAIDs

A

Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs

295
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis 

296
Q

Ortho

A

Orthopaedics

297
Q

RA

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

298
Q

ROM

A

Range of motion

299
Q

SCI

A

Spinal cord injury

300
Q

THR

A

Total hip replacement

301
Q

TKA

A

Total knee arthroplasty

302
Q

TKR

A

Total knee replacement

303
Q

TMJ

A

Temporomandibular joint disease

304
Q

vertebrae:

A

C1 - C7-7 cervical
T1-T12- 12 thoracic
L1-L5- 5 lumbar

Integumentary System (2 decks)

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