Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Implants for FINALS > Advanced manufacturing and related technologies in dentistry > Flashcards

Advanced manufacturing and related technologies in dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Manufacturing techniques (3_

A 
Conventional methods:
Impression techniques
-cheap 
-easy to use
-high skills
-subjective
Subtractive - milling
-'low' investment
-simple shapes
New methods:
Additive - rapid prototyping
-complex shapes
-translucent
-materials
-training
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What i CAD/ CAM? (3)

A
  1. Data acquisition
  2. Data processing
  3. Manfacturing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Data acquisition (6)

A 
Data acquisition for the existing structure of
interest.
• Computerised tomography (CT)
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Laser digitalising
• Ultrasound
• Mammography
• Conventional X-ray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Computerised tomography (2)

A

Radiographic technique for producing cross-sectional images by scanning a
slice of tissue form multiple directions using an arrow fan-X-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Magnetic resonance imagine (2)

A

Images obtained based on different tissue characteristics by varying the
number and sequence of pulsed radio frequency fields in order to take
advantage of magnetic relaxation properties of the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Laser surface digitalising (LSD) (3)

A

A diode–based laser beam is split into a plane of laser light that comes out of the probe and shines below on the surface of the object being scanned. Thus a profile on the surface of the part is formed.

=intra-oral scanners!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intra-oral scanners - pros and cons (7)

A 
Pros:
-pt comfort
-dentist auto evaluation
-reduced model time
-favours clinic-lab communication
Cons:
-cost investment (coating)
-training
-just surface registration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Current literature lacks of sufficient evidence to
provide solid information regarding the use of
intraoral scanners under clinical conditions (3)

A

 For example, in 2017 only 4 published studies reported on
validity, repeatability and reproducibility of digital
measurements.
 Current reviews highlight the scientific evidence collected
on intraoral scanning is neither exhaustive, nor updated.
 Not all the commercially available scanners have been
tested in the clinical setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Data processing (3)

A

Segmentation: selection of the regions of interest
Interpolation: to increase the resolution of the contour
CAD package: further manipulation of the files obtained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Segmentation (2)

A 
Identifying and dividing the images into areas of
interest
• Often different organs
• Or sections of organs
Automated processes exist
• Not always accurate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Specialised CAD packages (2)

A

Materialise
 Specifically designed/ highly
specialised
 Expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

General CAD packages (3)

A 
Solidworks/ AutoCAD/ Blend
er
 Lots of learning resources
 Multiple applications
 Varying prices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Subtractive vs additive manufacturing (2)

A

Subtractive Manufacturing: controlled material-removal process (Machining)
Additive Manufacturing: builds objects by adding parts together in layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rapid prototyping techniques (layer-by-layer techniques (3)

A
  • Stereolithography
  • Fused deposition modeling
  • Laser powder forming technique
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stereolithography (2)

A

• Additive fabrication process based on the spatially
controlled solidification of a liquid resin by
photopolymerisation.
• Cure depth given by the energy of the light to which the resin is exposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stereolithography: available materials (6)

A 
WATERSHED
Medical prototyping USP
grade VI approved
XTREM
Very tough
Functional testing
Si25
Snap fits, concept models
and functional assembly
components
Si60
Production of prototype
models requiring some
level of transparency
BLUESTONE
Water handling
components
High temperature
applications
CERAMAX
Ceramic based material
Aesthetic and
functional components
17
Q

Fused deposition (3)

A
  • Non laser-based process that builds physical models by depositing layers of thermoplastic material
  • No post-polymerisation needed
  • Support material dissolved after model completion
18
Q

Fused deposition steps (4)

A

Material feeding –> model fabrication –> support material removal –> final model

19
Q

Fused deposition - available materials (5)

A 
ABS
Strong, functional, smooth
parts with good feature detail
NYLON
Higher elongation at break
Good impact strength
PC
Accurate, durable, strong,
stable
Functional testing; imaging &
RF transparent
ABS-M30i
Bio-compatible (ISO 10993;
USP Class VI)
Gamma & EtO sterilizable
PC-ISO
Bio-compatible (ISO 10993; USP
Class VI)
Gamma & EtO sterilizable
Imaging & RF transparent
Strong and rigid
20
Q

Laser powder forming technique (3)

A

• A high power laser is directed to a fine layer of powder
substrate using mirrors. The beam creates a melt pool
and the powder particles melt together
• Can produce parts from a relatively wide range of
commercially available powders
• Self-supporting method that allows the parts to be
nested together

21
Q

Laser powder forming steps (4)

A

Material feeding –> model fabrication –> removal from the base –> final product

22
Q

Laser powder based technique: available materials (5)

A 
POLYMERS
Polyamide
Nylon
Polyethilene
COMPOSITES
Mixtures of polymers
Polymers and
hydroxyapatite
CASTING WAX
METALS
Steel
Ti and Ti-alloys
Co/Cr alloys
CERAMICS
23
Q

Medical modelling (4)

A 
• Study model
• Pre-plan surgery
• Practice surgery
• Especially useful
is unusual
anatomy
24
Q

Drilling and cutting guides (3)

A 
• Allow for highly
accurate
surgery
• Increases speed
and confidence
of placement
• Based on CT
scan
25
Q

Partial denture frameworks (3)

A 
• Mill or print crown
or bridge
copings/structures
• Wax burnout or
straight to metal
• Post-processing
required (printing)
26
Q

Digital orthodontics (4)

A 
• Based of CT data
• Software
predicts/plans
route
• Print out models
• Design/ plan
metal work
27
Q

Dental/ craniofacial implants (3)

A 
• Produce complex
geometry
• Porous/rough
surface
• Specific to patient
28
Q

Additive manufacturing: current applications in dentistry (3)

A

SLM

  • 3D printed cobalt chrome
  • crowns’ bridges
  • partial dentures
29
Q

BUT……ARE ALL THE INNOVATIVE
APPROACHES AND COMPANIES
GOING FOR ADDITIVE? (2)

A

Not really
Some new companies are still milling e.g. Juvora
-cheaper

30
Q

Additive manufacturing and the dental community (4)

A

• “Competition” with traditional manufacturing in creating end-use materials
• Transformation of the highly skilled labour// INVESTMENT
• High number of complex products made simultaneously
• Complex shapes at “affordable prices” with little waste
material

31
Q

Rapid prototyping limitations (3)

A

End-Manufactured Product
 Control/improvement of layer thickness
 Model shrinkage
 Inferior mechanical properties (in some cases)
 Surface finishing /Post-processing
Speed problems (although multi-product manufacture can be achieved)
Limitation of materials AVAILABILITY

Implants for FINALS (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions