advanced nutrition exam IV

Question 1

food sources of calcium

Answer 1

dairy

seafood WITH bones

Question 2

main transport of calcium…

Answer 2

calcitrol (vitamin D)

Question 3

diffusion of Ca

Answer 3

passive, nonsaturatable, nonregulated process

Question 4

calcium transport

Answer 4

bound to proteins
complexed with sulfate, phosphate, etc
free in blood
protein bound in Ca in equilibrium w ionized Ca2+

Question 5

how is extracellular ca2+ concentration regulated?

Answer 5

PTH
calcitonin
calcitrol

Question 6

roles of parathyroid

Answer 6

increases serum Ca2+
decreases bone Ca2+
increases renal Ca2+ absorption
increases Ca2+ intestinal absorption

Question 7

calcitrol roles

Answer 7

increases serum ca2+
works with PTH in bone Ca2+
increase renal ca absorption
increase intestinal ca absorption

Question 8

calcitonin

Answer 8

decreases serum ca
increases bone ca
decreases renal ca absorption

Question 9

nutrients the enhance calcium absorption

Answer 9

vitamin D
sugar + sugar alcohol
protein

Question 10

nutrients that inhibit calcium absorption

Answer 10

fiber 
phytic
oxalic acid  
Zn + Mg 
unabsorbed FAs

Question 11

osteoblasts

Answer 11

bone-building cells

Question 12

osteoclasts

Answer 12

resorb bone

Question 13

RDA Calcium 19-50

Answer 13

1000 mg/day

Question 14

UL calcium

Answer 14

2500 mg/day

Question 15

which foods contain up to 350 mg Ca per serving?

Answer 15

dairy, OJ [fortified], tofu, navy beans

Question 16

nutrients enhancing urinary calcium excretion?

Answer 16

sodium
protein
caffeine

Question 17

nutrients that may inhibit absorption of calcium

Answer 17

P
Fe
FAs

Question 18

deficiency of calcium in adults leads to increased risk of….

Answer 18

osteoporosis

Question 19

food sources of phosphorus

Answer 19

meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk

cola drinks

Question 20

absorption of phosphorus

Answer 20

saturable, carrier-mediated, AT

diffusion

Question 21

which mineral in excess can inhibit phosphorous?

Answer 21

Ca

Question 22

functions of phosphorus?

Answer 22

bone mineralization 
nucleic acid formation 
energy storage and transfer (ATP phosphate bonds)
phospholipids
acid-base balance

Question 23

RDA phosphorus

Answer 23

19+ years = 700 mg/day

Question 24

UL phosphorus 9-70

Answer 24

4g/day

Question 25

UL phosphorus > 70

Answer 25

3g/day

Question 26

magnesium dietary sources

Answer 26

nuts, seeds, WG, green leafy vegetables, legumes, lentils, spices, dairy, hard tap h2o

Question 27

absorption of magnesium

Answer 27

1. saturable, carrier-mediated, AT (low mg levels) | 2. diffusion passive, concentration dependent (higher mg levels)

Question 28

magnesium regulation

Answer 28

crosses BB membrane w protein on enterocyte absorbed BETWEEN cells pumped across membrane by sodium-dep ATPase

Question 29

which hormone affects Mg balance?

Answer 29

parathyroid

Question 30

RDA magnesium 19-30 male

Answer 30

400 mg/day

Question 31

RDA magnesium 19-30 female

Answer 31

310 mg/day

Question 32

RDA mag pregnancy

Answer 32

350 mg/day

Question 33

RDA mg 31+ male

Answer 33

400 mg/day

Question 34

RDA mg 31+ female

Answer 34

320 mg/day

Question 35

RDA mg 31+ pregnancy

Answer 35

360 mg/day

Question 36

factors that contribute to mag deficiency

Answer 36

``` inadequate intake excess etoh use malabsorptive disorders medications uncontrolled DM + metabolic syndrome ```

Question 37

what causes magnesium toxicity?

Answer 37

usually not dietary excess; KIDNEYS excrete Mg rapidly

Question 38

UL mg

Answer 38

350 mg/day

Question 39

functions of water in the body

Answer 39

``` chemical reactions body temp reg lubrication and protection solvent and transport medium maintenance of BV acid base balance ```

Question 40

how much BW is intracellular

Answer 40

2/3 (28L)

Question 41

how much BW is extracellular

Answer 41

1/3 (14L)

Question 42

how much BW is interstitial?

Answer 42

11 L

Question 43

how much BW is plasma/intravascular?

Answer 43

3L

Question 44

AI water for females

Answer 44

2.7 L/day

Question 45

AI water for males

Answer 45

3.7 L/day

Question 46

water recommendation based on body weight numbers

Answer 46

25-40 mL/kg BW

Question 47

which ion strongly affects h2o in ECF?

Answer 47

Na+

Question 48

what force regulates movement between interstitial space and ECF?

Answer 48

osmotic pressure

Question 49

what governs the movement across capillary walls and interstitial space?

Answer 49

hydrostatic and colloidal osmotic pressure

Question 50

osmosis vs osmolarity

Answer 50

``` osmosis = movement of h2o -> semipermeable membrane in response to different solute concentrations osmolarity = solute particle concentration of a fluid ```

Question 51

which ion is the major ion INSIDE the cells?

Answer 51

K+

Question 52

which ion is the major ion OUTSIDE the cells [in ECF]

Answer 52

Na+

Question 53

hyponatremia

Answer 53

diluted plasma concentration due to overconsumption of h2o

Question 54

hypernatremia

Answer 54

diluted plasma concentration due to OVERconsumption of water

Question 55

plasma solute concentrations list

Answer 55

high Na+ low K+ high Cl- low HCO3-

Question 56

interstitial fluid concentrations list

Answer 56

high na+ low k high cl low hco3

Question 57

intracellular fluid concentrations list

Answer 57

low na high k high po4-

Question 58

which two hormones correct imbalances in body's fluid and sodium levels?

Answer 58

vasopressin | renin-angiotensis-aldosterone system

Question 59

what does vasopressin respond to?

Answer 59

slight increases in ECF osmolarity

Question 60

physiological responses to vasopressin

Answer 60

resorbption of h2o in kidneys stimulates thirst increases BP by vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 61

function of renin

Answer 61

enhances na and cl reabsorption