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IMA > Advanced Prosthetics and Robotics > Flashcards

Advanced Prosthetics and Robotics Flashcards

1
Q

Prosthetic Components - define actuators?

A

torque motors, hydraulic resistance to generate motion of the prosthesis. Can be controlled directly by user or indirectly through microprocessors

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2
Q

Prosthetic Components - define sensory devices?

A

They are on the prosthesis – Detect limb motion; Or pressure, texture, temperature on prosthetic surface

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3
Q

Prosthetic Components - define bio-interface devices?

A

Detect and process signals from muscles, peripheral nerves, brain activity; Stimulate selected sensory or motor pathways

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4
Q

Prosthetic Components - define microprocessors?

A

Use information from sensors and from biological signals to control the device in real time; may include altering torques, stiffness, switches, etc.

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5
Q

Prosthetic Components - define cosmetic covers?

A

Are adaptations

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6
Q

Prosthetic Components - define batteries?

A

units to recharge them

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7
Q

Prosthetic Components - define advanced materials?

A

Provide stiffness, limited pliability, light weight, strength of prosthesis

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8
Q

Prosthetic Components - define single axis

A

passive device with single hinge joint

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9
Q

Prosthetic Components - define manual locking

A

bends only with manual release for sitting

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10
Q

Prosthetic Components - define constant friction

A

assists with ambulation at one speed on level surfaces

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11
Q

Prosthetic Components - define stance control

A

helps with stability during steady standing, hinge effective when unweighted

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12
Q

Prosthetic Components - define polycentric joint

A

may be helpful for older patients

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13
Q

Prosthetic Components - define pneumatic/hydraulic actuators

A

adjusts resistance of knee to forces generated by the user

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14
Q

Advanced materials include? (3)

A

metal
plastic
carbon fiber AFOs

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15
Q

Benefits of carbon fiber AFOs? (5)

A
  • Stronger
  • Dynamic limits on plantar/dorsi-flexion
  • Increases medio-lateral stability of ankle and foot
  • Provides energy return in proportion to the user’s weight and impact level
  • Maintain ankle/foot in optimal alignment (stabilization)
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16
Q

Two types of Knee prostheses using robotic elements?

A
  • Rheo Leg©

- C-Leg©

17
Q

Rheo Leg© / C-Leg© use? (4) Can include?

A
  • Hydraulic cylinders move the device through flexion/extension
  • Sensors record knee angular motion
  • Microprocessor monitors those signals
  • Proprietary software sets the resistance of the hydraulic cylinders instantaneously given behavioral context
  • Can include motor to enhance knee extension
18
Q

What are robotics?

A

Interactive motorized devices fashioned so they can be used to move a limb in a controlled manner

19
Q

What is one device for distal application point ? Only controls? Helps people?

A
  • Manipulandum for UE rehabilitation repetitive training
  • Manipulandum only controls endpoint (grasp), but not control degrees of freedom
  • Helps people improve strength and coordination by controlling the hand trajectory
20
Q

Automated Exoskeletons Use? They come with?

A
  • mechanical devices wrapped around the outside the limb or interfacing with the outside of the limb to move the limb
  • Lots of variations – Arm, hand, knee, leg prostheses, full exoskeletons
21
Q

Lots of robotic devices for rehabilitation incorporate? Goal is? Used within? Idea is to?

A
  • Lots of robotic devices for rehabilitation incorporate FES
  • Goal is that through supported repetitive stimulation, some remaining neural pathways will become functional again
  • Used within the context of task-oriented rehabilitation
  • Idea is to stimulate potentially useful pathways during functional activity in hopes that the neural control becomes more stable, controllable, and functional
22
Q

FES often built into? Can be used how?

A
  • Often built into prostheses now to allow direct interface between intact nerves and muscles and microprocessors in the robotic limb
  • Can be used independently of prostheses to strengthen muscles and improve motor control
23
Q

For people with hemiplegia due to stroke, FES has benefits for? (4) Doesn’t improve?

A
  • Gait, especially with foot or ankle weakness
  • Preventing shoulder subluxation
  • Decreasing spasticity of upper limb
  • Improving motor control of upper limb in conjunction with functional training
  • Does not improve shoulder pain
24
Q

Robotics: Benefits & Challenges - can? Requires? But can? Also? (3)

A
  • Can adapt to the individual, can provide only the forces and mobility needed at the time
  • Intensive, repetitive practice … which may enhance neuroplasticity, enhance strength, improve some functional behaviors
  • Can create individualized training protocol
  • Expensive, unavailable
  • Not sure how to make best use of them
  • If used badly, can create new injuries and stresses

IMA (7 decks)

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