Advanced Vocab Words - Set 1

Question 1

Define:

temerity

(tuh-mer-i-tee)

Answer 1

n. reckless confidence

The temerity of the pirate crew cost them their ship.

Root: temer (from Latin temere, meaning “rashly” or “recklessly”)

Question 2

Define:

depredate

(dep-rih-deyt)

Answer 2

v. to plunder, pillage, destroy

v. to exploit

The Vikings depredated the whole valley.

Prefix: de- (from Latin, meaning “down” or “away”), Root: pred (from Latin praedari, meaning “to plunder”)

Question 3

Define:

genuflect

(djen-yoo-flekt)

Answer 3

v. to bend knee to ground (as in worship)

v. to grovel

The king’s subjects genuflected when he entered the room.

Root: genuflect (from Latin genu, meaning “knee” and flectere, meaning “to bend”)

Question 4

Define:

wend

(wend)

Answer 4

v. to go, proceed, walk

We wended our way through the market.

Root: wend (from Old English wendan, meaning “to turn” or “to go”)

Question 5

Define:

pelagic

(puh-ladj-ik)

Answer 5

adj. relating to open seas rather than waters adjacent to land

The pelagic organism was only found in the deepest part of the ocean.

Root: pelag (from Greek pelagos, meaning “sea”)

Question 6

Define:

froward

(froh-werd)

Answer 6

adj. intractable, stubbornly disobedient, difficult to manage

The froward mule sat down and refused to move all afternoon.

Prefix: fro- (an old variant of “from”); Root: ward (indicating direction or tendency)

Question 7

Define:

punctilious

(puhngk-til-ee-uhs)

Answer 7

adj. precise, paying attention to trivialities of etiquette

A secretary who punctiliously records every detail.

Root: punct (from Latin punctum, meaning “point”); Suffix: -ilious (indicating having the quality of)

Question 8

Define:

aphorism

(af-uh-riz-uhm)

Answer 8

n. a tersely phrased truth or opinion; adage; epigram

n. a brief statement of principle; or general truth

The children had finally learned the meaning of the aphorism “You can’t have your cake and eat it too”.

Root: aphor (from Greek aphorizein, meaning “to define”); Suffix: -ism (indicating a practice or system)

Question 9

Define:

purloin

(per-loin, per-loin)

Answer 9

v. to steal

The manipulative thief purloined the diamonds after gaining the confidence of their location.

Prefix: pur- (from Old French pur, meaning “for”); Root: loin (from Old French loigner, meaning “to remove”)

Question 10

Define:

esoteric

(es-uh-ter-ik)

Answer 10

adj. intended for or understood only by a particular group

adj. not publicly disclosed; confidential

The esoteric ideas of the cult failed to enlighten many outsiders.

Root: esoter (from Greek esoterikos, meaning “inner” or “within”)

Question 11

Define:

succor

(suhk-er)

Answer 11

n. relief during a time of struggle

The Red Cross provides succor to refugees in emergency shelters.

Root: succor (from Latin succurrere, meaning “to run to help”)

Question 12

Define:

protean

(proh-tee-uhn)

Answer 12

adj. readily assuming different forms or characters, versatile

Fans regarded the protean actress as capable of playing any role.

Root: Proteus (from Greek mythology, a sea god known for changing shape)

Question 13

Define:

callous

(kal-uhs)

Answer 13

adj. insensitive; having no feeling

The callous remark upset the entire family.

Root: call (from Latin callum, meaning “hard skin”)

Question 14

Define:

proscribe

(proh-skrahyb)

Answer 14

v. to prohibit or forbid as harmful or unlawful

Citizens pushed to proscribe swimming in the polluted lake.

Prefix: pro- (indicating forward or forth); Root: scribe (from Latin scribere, meaning “to write”)

Question 15

Define:

denouement

(dey-noo-mahn)

Answer 15

n. an outcome or solution to a complex series of events

Though public interest slackened after the arsonist was caught, the denouement of the case was just as interesting as the manhunt that had preceded it.

Root: noue (from Latin nodare, meaning “to knot”); Prefix: de- (indicating removal or reversal)

Question 16

Define:

supercilious

(soo-per-sill-ee-uhs)

Answer 16

adj. arrogant, overbearing; displaying condescending superiority over someone else

His supercilious behavior drove away many of his peers.

Prefix: super- (meaning “above” or “over”); Root: cili (from Latin cilium, meaning “eyelid”)

Question 17

Define:

parley

(pahr-lee)

Answer 17

n. discussion between enemies, often to prepare terms of surrender

The longtime enemies held a parley to work on peace negotiations.

Root: parler (from French, meaning “to speak”)

Question 18

Define:

apoplectic

(ap-uh-plek-tik)

Answer 18

adj. furious; enraged; overcome with anger

When Jim found out he was fired, he apoplectically stormed out of the office.

Root: apoplex (from Greek apoplexia, meaning “a seizure”); Suffix: -tic (indicating pertaining to)

Question 19

Define:

simper

(sim-per)

Answer 19

v. to say with a coy smile; to smirk

Dave simpered a feeble attempt at an apology.

Root: simper (from Middle English simperen, meaning “to smile”)

Question 20

Define:

miscegenation

(mih-sedj-uh-ney-shuhn)

Answer 20

n. the interbreeding of different races

n. any mixture or hybrid

Miscegenation, the intermarriage or mixing of different racial groups, was historically met with social and legal barriers in many societies. But today, miscegenation is widely accepted in many societies, and interracial relationships are common and often celebrated as a sign of cultural diversity and tolerance.

Prefix: misc- (from Latin miscere, meaning “to mix”); Root: gen (from Latin genus, meaning “race” or “kind”); Suffix: -ation (indicating an action or process)

Question 21

Which vocabulary word means the following?

n. recklessness

Hint: starts with “t”

Answer 21

temerity

synonyms: arrogance, brashness, foolhardiness, audacity, impudence

His temerity in challenging the seasoned lawyer surprised everyone in the courtroom.

Question 22

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word.

The invaders ________ the village, leaving little behind.

Hint: The word starts with ‘d’.

Answer 22

depredate

v. to plunder, pillage, destroy

v. to exploit

Question 23

Which vocabulary word means the following?

v. to bend knee to ground (as in worship)

v. to grovel

Hint: starts with “g”

Answer 23

genuflect

synonyms: kneel, beg, bow, prostrate, submit

The faithful genuflect before the altar during the ceremony.

He would rather leave the company than genuflect to the unreasonable demands of his boss.

Question 24

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word.

After the meeting, she ________ her way through the crowded streets back home.v. to go, proceed, walk

Hint: The word starts with ‘w’.

Answer 24

wend

v. to go, proceed, walk

Question 25

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. relating to open seas rather than waters adjacent to land

Answer 25

pelagic | (puh-**ladj**-ik) ## Footnote synonyms: aquatic, oceanic, marine, deep-sea, oceanic The _pelagic_ fish are adapted to life far from the shores, swimming in the deep ocean.

Question 26

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. intractable, stubbornly disobedient, difficult to manage

Answer 26

froward | (**froh**-werd) ## Footnote synonyms: antagonistic, conflicting, obstinate, refractory, unruly The _froward_ child refused to listen to any instructions from his teacher.

Question 27

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. precise, paying attention to trivialities of etiquette

Answer 27

punctilious | (puhngk-til-ee-uhs) ## Footnote synonyms: meticulous, careful, finicky, scrupulous, exacting, detailed She was _punctilious_ about every detail of the formal dinner, ensuring everything was perfect.

Question 28

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. a tersely phrased truth or opinion; adage; epigram n. a brief statement of principle; or general truth

Answer 28

aphorism | (**af**-uh-riz-uhm) ## Footnote synonyms: axiom, precept; principle, truth, saying, maxim, proverb His speech was filled with insightful _aphorisms_ that resonated with the audience. Actions speak louder than words” is a classic example of an _aphorism_.

Question 29

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to steal

Answer 29

purloin | (per-**loin**, **per**-loin) ## Footnote synonyms: burglarize, cheat, swindle, filch, pilfer, take The thief managed to _purloin_ several valuable paintings from the gallery.

Question 30

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. intended for or understood only by a particular group adj. not publicly disclosed; confidential

Answer 30

esoteric | (es-uh-**ter**-ik) ## Footnote synonyms: obscure, secret, cryptic, arcane, hidden, specialized The professor’s _esoteric_ lecture was difficult for those unfamiliar with the subject. The company’s _esoteric_ plans for the merger were only shared with top executives.

Question 31

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. relief during a time of struggle

Answer 31

succor | (**suhk**-er) ## Footnote synonyms: aid, comfort, refuge, support, assistance, help The refugees sought _succor_ in neighboring countries after fleeing the conflict.

Question 32

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. readily assuming different forms or characters, versatile

Answer 32

protean | (**proh**-tee-uhn) ## Footnote synonyms: versatile, adaptable, dexterous, flexible, multifaceted, changeable His _protean_ talent allowed him to excel in both acting and directing.

Question 33

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. insensitive; having no feeling

Answer 33

callous | (**kal**-uhs) ## Footnote synonyms: soulless, cruel, heartless, unfeeling, unsympathetic Her _callous_ remarks about the disaster shocked everyone.

Question 34

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to prohibit or forbid as harmful or unlawful

Answer 34

proscribe | (proh-**skrahyb**) ## Footnote synonyms: condemn, banish, forbid, outlaw, prohibit The government decided to _proscribe_ the use of certain chemicals due to their harmful effects.

Question 35

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. an outcome or solution to a complex series of events

Answer 35

denouement | (dey-noo-**mahn**) ## Footnote synonyms: finale, final achievement, resolution, conclusion, outcome The _denouement_ of the mystery novel tied together all the loose ends.

Question 36

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. arrogant, overbearing; displaying condescending superiority over someone else

Answer 36

supercilious | (soo-per-**sill**-ee-uhs) ## Footnote synonyms: bossy, condescending, haughty, patronizing, disdainful Her _supercilious_ attitude made her unpopular among her colleagues.

Question 37

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. discussion between enemies, often to prepare terms of surrender

Answer 37

parley | (**pahr**-lee) ## Footnote synonyms: conference, mediation, negotiation, dialogue, discussion The generals held a _parley_ to negotiate the terms of the ceasefire.

Question 38

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. furious; enraged; overcome with anger adj. relating to a stroke

Answer 38

apoplectic | (ap-uh-**plek**-tik) ## Footnote synonyms: angry, wrathful, furious, incensed, irate He became _apoplectic_ when he discovered the mistake in the report. The doctor explained the symptoms of an _apoplectic_ attack and the urgency of seeking medical attention.

Question 39

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to say with a coy smile; to smirk

Answer 39

simper | (**sim**-per) ## Footnote synonyms: grin, leer, sneer, smirk, smirk, smile coyly She _simpered_ at the compliment, clearly enjoying the attention.

Question 40

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. the interbreeding of different races n. any mixture or hybrid

Answer 40

miscegenation | (mih-sedj-uh-**ney**-shuhn) ## Footnote synonyms: interbreeding, mixing races, crossbreeding, hybridization The laws against _miscegenation_ were finally repealed in the 20th century. *Miscegenation*, the intermarriage or mixing of different racial groups, was historically met with social and legal barriers in many societies. But today, miscegenation is widely accepted in many societies, and interracial relationships are common and often celebrated as a sign of cultural diversity and tolerance

Question 41

# Define: androgynous | (an-**drodj**-uh-nuhs)

Answer 41

adj. not distinguishable between male and female ## Footnote The name Sam is _androgynous_ because it could stand for Samantha or Samuel.

Question 42

# Define: covey | (**kuhv**-ee)

Answer 42

n. a family of partridges n. a small group ## Footnote Outside the classroom was a _covey_ of giggling schoolgirls.

Question 43

# Define: supine | (adj. soo-**pahyn**)

Answer 43

adj. inactive, lying on one's back apathetically adj. morally slack ## Footnote The officials exhibited a _supine_ acceptance of corruption.

Question 44

# Define: cozen | (**kuhz**-uhn)

Answer 44

v. to cheat, beguile, or deceive ## Footnote The corrupt televangelist _cozened_ money from viewers by lying about charitable intentions.

Question 45

# Define: limpid | (**lim**-pid)

Answer 45

adj. calm, untroubled, serene adj. transparent, clear (as of water, air, or crystal) ## Footnote The family flew a kite down by the _limpid_ blue pond.

Question 46

# Define: refulgent | (rih-**fuhl**-juhnt)

Answer 46

adj. shining radiantly; brilliant ## Footnote The _refulgent_ palace seemed out of place amid the poverty of the villages surrounding it.

Question 47

# Define: phlegmatic | (fleg-**mat**-ik)

Answer 47

adj. hard to excite, calm, sluggish adj. unemotional, stoic ## Footnote Pete's _phlegmatic_ response was difficult for his friends to read.

Question 48

# Define: attenuate | (uh-**ten**-yoo-eyt)

Answer 48

v. to weaken or reduce in force or value v. to make small or fine ## Footnote The medicine _attenuated_ the fever's effect.

Question 49

# Define: disingenuous | (diss-in-**djen**-yoo-uhs)

Answer 49

adj. lacking in sincerity or candor ## Footnote When the oil prospector's promises were discovered to be _disingenuous_, he was run out of town.

Question 50

# Define: epistle | (uh-**piss**-uhl)

Answer 50

n. a written message, usually a formal letter ## Footnote The _epistle_ was hand-delivered by a confidant in order to avoid interception.

Question 51

# Define: factitious | (fak-**tish**-uhs)

Answer 51

adj. produced artificially; not natural adj. fake ## Footnote The _factitious_ laughter of insincere talk show hosts makes my skin crawl.

Question 52

# Define: pied | (**pahyd**)

Answer 52

adj. containing patches of two or more colors, usually in blotches ## Footnote The jester's _pied_ coat was stitched together from scraps of blue and red fabric.

Question 53

# Define: militate | (**mill**-ih-teyt)

Answer 53

v. to have substantial weight on preventing; to argue against; discourage. ## Footnote The volatility of the situation _militated_ against any rash action.

Question 54

# Define: Stygian | (**stidj**-ee-uhn)

Answer 54

adj. dark, gloomy, dismal adj. infernal, hellish ## Footnote The _stygian_ murk of the cave made it difficult to navigate.

Question 55

# Define: gainsay | (**geyn**-sey)

Answer 55

v. to declare false v. to deny v. to contradict or claim exception to ## Footnote Evidence and witness testimony all _gainsaid_ the defendant's claims.

Question 56

# Define: palliate | (**pal**-ee-eyt)

Answer 56

v. to make something appear less serious; to mitigate; to alleviate ## Footnote The student tried to _palliate_ the significance of his plagiarism.

Question 57

# Define: nostrum | (**nos**-truhm)

Answer 57

n. cure-all, questionable remedy, or a placebo ## Footnote An ad on television depicted a _nostrum_ that claims to cure hangovers.

Question 58

# Define: obstreperous | (uhb-**strep**-er-uhs)

Answer 58

adj. unruly, noisy, loudly stubborn ## Footnote The _obstreperous_ two-year-old cried the entire train ride.

Question 59

# Define: precocious | (prih-**koh**-shuhs)

Answer 59

adj. unusually quick development or maturation, especially in intelligence ## Footnote The child's _precocious_ understanding of calculus stunned his teachers.

Question 60

# Define: regale | (rih-**geyl**)

Answer 60

v. to entertain; to supply lavishly ## Footnote Steve _regaled_ his guests with exciting tales.

Question 61

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. hermaphroditic adj. not distinguishable between male and female

Answer 61

androgynous | (an-**drodj**-uh-nuhs) ## Footnote synonyms: cross-sexual, unisexual, trans-sexual, gender-neutral, ambiguous The creature in the myth was portrayed as _androgynous_, embodying both male and female traits. The _androgynous_ fashion trend blurred traditional gender lines in clothing.

Question 62

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. a family of partridges n. a small group

Answer 62

covey | (**kuhv**-ee) ## Footnote synonyms: a small group, a small flock of birds, cluster, bunch, assembly We spotted a _covey_ of partridges in the field during our hike. A _covey_ of students gathered around the teacher to ask questions after the lecture.

Question 63

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. inactive, lying on one's back apathetically adj. morally slack

Answer 63

supine | (adj. soo-**pahyn**) ## Footnote synonyms: lying down, flat; apathetic, lazy, prostrate, recumbent He lay _supine_ on the couch, unwilling to do anything productive. The government’s _supine_ attitude towards corruption allowed it to flourish.

Question 64

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to cheat, beguile, or deceive

Answer 64

cozen | (**kuhz**-uhn) ## Footnote synonyms: hoodwink, swindle, dupe, trick, defraud, mislead The con artist _cozened_ people into giving him their life savings.

Question 65

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. calm, untroubled, serene adj. transparent, clear (as of water, air, or crystal)

Answer 65

limpid | (**lim**-pid) ## Footnote synonyms: tranquil, peaceful; glassy, translucent, clear, unclouded, bright The _limpid_ expression on her face showed she wasn’t worried at all. The _limpid_ water of the lake made it easy to see the fish swimming below.

Question 66

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. shining radiantly; brilliant

Answer 66

refulgent | (rih-**fuhl**-juhnt) ## Footnote synonyms: glowing, luminous, gleaming, radiant, brilliant, incandescent The _refulgent_ glow of the setting sun bathed the landscape in golden light.

Question 67

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. hard to excite, calm, sluggish adj. unemotional, stoic

Answer 67

phlegmatic | (fleg-**mat**-ik) ## Footnote synonyms: apathetic, dispassionate, lethargic, unemotional, placid, indifferent His _phlegmatic_ response to the exciting news surprised everyone. The _phlegmatic_ soldier remained composed even in the face of danger.

Question 68

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to weaken or reduce in force or value v. to make small or fine

Answer 68

attenuate | (uh-**ten**-yoo-eyt) ## Footnote synonyms: deflate, cripple, lessen, diminish, reduce, dilute The long drought _attenuated_ the strength of the river’s current. The sound of the music _attenuated_ as we moved further away from the concert.

Question 69

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. lacking in sincerity or candor

Answer 69

disingenuous | (diss-in-**djen**-yoo-uhs) ## Footnote synonyms: dishonest, crooked, deceitful, duplicitous, insincere His _disingenuous_ apology did little to mend the rift between them.

Question 70

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. a written message, usually a formal letter

Answer 70

epistle | (uh-**piss**-uhl) ## Footnote synonyms: card, letter, memo, communication, note, missive The scholar wrote an _epistle_ to his colleagues, detailing his latest findings.

Question 71

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. produced artificially; not natural adj. fake

Answer 71

factitious | (fak-**tish**-uhs) ## Footnote synonyms: artificial, false, sham, manufactured, synthetic, spurious The diamonds in the necklace were _factitious_ but still looked stunning. His _factitious_ enthusiasm at the event was apparent to everyone.

Question 72

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. containing patches of two or more colors, usually in blotches

Answer 72

pied | (**pahyd**) ## Footnote synonyms: patches of color, uneven coloring, multicolored, variegated, speckled The _pied_ horse stood out with its distinct black and white markings.

Question 73

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to have substantial weight or bearing on; to argue for or against

Answer 73

militate | (**mill**-ih-teyt) ## Footnote synonyms: weigh, important, influential, affect, contribute, determine The evidence presented in the trial will _militate_ heavily against the defendant.

Question 74

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. dark, gloomy, dismal adj. infernal, hellish

Answer 74

Stygian | (**stidj**-ee-uhn) ## Footnote synonyms: inky, sombre, gloomy, shadowy, murky The forest at night had a _Stygian_ atmosphere, making it feel eerie and foreboding. The novel’s depiction of the underworld was described as a _Stygian_ realm of torment.

Question 75

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to declare false v. to deny v. to contradict or claim exception to

Answer 75

gainsay | (**geyn**-sey) ## Footnote synonyms: deny, disaffirm, disprove, contradict, refute, challenge No one could _gainsay_ the facts presented in the report. It was difficult to _gainsay_ her argument given the strong data backing it up.

Question 76

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to make something appear less serious; to mitigate; to alleviate

Answer 76

palliate | (**pal**-ee-eyt) ## Footnote synonyms: gloss over, condone, lessen, alleviate, relieve, soothe The doctor prescribed medication to _palliate_ the symptoms of the disease.

Question 77

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. cure-all, questionable remedy, or a placebo

Answer 77

nostrum | (**nos**-truhm) ## Footnote synonyms: elixir, quick fix, aid, remedy, potion, fix The herbalist claimed to have a _nostrum_ for every ailment, but none of them worked.

Question 78

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. unruly, noisy, loudly stubborn

Answer 78

obstreperous | (uhb-**strep**-er-uhs) ## Footnote synonyms: boisterous, loud, riotous, disorderly, rowdy, disruptive The _obstreperous_ crowd refused to leave, even after the event was over.

Question 79

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. unusually quick development or maturation, especially in intelligence

Answer 79

precocious | (prih-**koh**-shuhs) ## Footnote synonyms: advanced, developed, quick, intelligent, mature, ahead of one's years, gifted The _precocious_ child was reading at a college level by the age of 10.

Question 80

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to entertain; to feast

Answer 80

regale | (rih-**geyl**) ## Footnote synonyms: delight, amuse; treat, entertain, captivate, charm He _regaled_ the guests with stories of his adventures abroad.

Question 81

# Define: ambit | (**am**-bit)

Answer 81

n. the extent, boundary or scope of something ## Footnote Though I find her actions reprehensible, she was acting within the _ambit_ of the law and so my hands are tied.

Question 82

# Define: apostate | (uh-**poss**-teyt)

Answer 82

n. one who abandons a belief, cause, party or religion ## Footnote The _apostate_ is dealt with very harshly in many religious traditions.

Question 83

# Define: sophistry | (**sof**-uh-stree)

Answer 83

n. fallacious reasoning; faulty, although plausible, logic ## Footnote The students were quickly convinced by the professor's _sophistry_ and did not inquire further.

Question 84

# Define: perspicuity | (purr-spih-**kyoo**-ih-tee)

Answer 84

n. clarity or perceptiveness in speech, thought, or writing ## Footnote The _perspicuity_ of the writing made a complicated topic easy for all to understand.

Question 85

# Define: enjoin | (en-**join**)

Answer 85

v. to command or direct an action with authority v. to prohibit or forbid an action ## Footnote The captain _enjoined_ his men to respect the local laws while on shore leave.

Question 86

# Define: fulsome | (**fool**-suhm)

Answer 86

adj. offensively flattering or insincere. adj. offensive to the taste adj. generous or abundant ## Footnote I prefer Sara's sincere criticism to all the _fulsome_ praise I receive from Deb.

Question 87

# Define: imprecation | (im-prih-**key**-shuhn)

Answer 87

n. a curse ## Footnote The witch cast an _imprecation_ on the villagers.

Question 88

# Define: extenuate | (ik-**sten**-yoo-eyt)

Answer 88

v. to lessen the magnitude or seriousness of; to mitigate ## Footnote The prisoner's illness may _extenuate_ the conditions of his captivity, but it shall not lead me to order his early release.

Question 89

# Define: ineluctable | (in-ih-**luhk**-tuh-buhl)

Answer 89

adj. certain, inevitable, unavoidable ## Footnote A hectic lifestyle seems to be the _ineluctable_ product of modernity.

Question 90

# Define: vitiate | (**vish**-ee-eyt)

Answer 90

v. to reduce the quality of v. to corrupt ## Footnote The tear in the painting _vitiated_ its overall appeal and halved its appraisal cost.

Question 91

# Define: turpitude | (**tur**-pih-tood)

Answer 91

n. depravity, baseness n. a vile act ## Footnote Because of stealing, he was dismissed on grounds of moral _turpitude_.

Question 92

# Define: plaintive | (**pleyn**-tiv)

Answer 92

adj. mournful, sorrowful, melancholy ## Footnote The procession was led by the _plaintive_ strains of the bagpipe.

Question 93

# Define: pertinacious | (purt-n-**ey**-shuhs)

Answer 93

adj. holding tenaciously to a belief adj. stubbornly unyielding ## Footnote Her _pertinacious_ devotion to the debunked theory led her to be marginalized in the scientific community.

Question 94

# Define: recreant | (**rek**-ree-uhnt)

Answer 94

adj. unfaithful, disloyal to belief or principle adj. cowardly or craven n. one who is a coward, unfaithful, or disloyal ## Footnote The _recreant_ knight ran from the battle.

Question 95

# Define: adduce | (uh-**doos**)

Answer 95

v. to offer as proof in an argument ## Footnote Seth _adduced_ several recent studies in support of his hypothesis.

Question 96

# Define: traduce | (truh-**doos**)

Answer 96

v. to slander or speak maliciously of ## Footnote As a "green energy" campaigner, I distrust politicians who habitually _traduce_ the motivations of environmentalists.

Question 97

# Define: apposite | (**app**-uh-zit)

Answer 97

adj. relevant, suitable, or fitting ## Footnote Though clever, Dmitry's pun was not _apposite_ to the solemn occasion.

Question 98

# Define: discursive | (diss-**kurr**-siv)

Answer 98

adj. rambling aimlessly through a wide range of subjects. ## Footnote The poor speaker gave a rambling, _discursive_ speech

Question 99

# Define: avocation | (av-uh-**key**-shuhn)

Answer 99

n. an extracurricular activity; a hobby ## Footnote My favorite _avocation_ is playing baseball in the summertime.

Question 100

# Define: adumbrate | (uh-**duhm**-breyt)

Answer 100

v. to foreshadow vaguely v. to produce a faint outline or resemblance of something ## Footnote The first volume merely _adumbrates_ the basics of the story to be developed in the next two books.

Question 101

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. the extent, boundary or scope of something

Answer 101

ambit | (**am**-bit) ## Footnote synonyms: compass, extension, range, scope, reach, limits The discussion remained within the _ambit_ of the assigned topics for the meeting.

Question 102

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. one who abandons a belief, cause, party or religion

Answer 102

apostate | (uh-**poss**-teyt) ## Footnote synonyms: traitor, defector, unfaithful, renegade, turncoat, dissenter The _apostate_ was shunned by his former comrades after leaving the movement.

Question 103

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. fallacious reasoning; faulty, although plausible, logic

Answer 103

sophistry | (**sof**-uh-stree) ## Footnote synonyms: fallacy, inconsistency, misleading argument, specious reasoning The politician's argument was nothing more than _sophistry_, designed to mislead the public.

Question 104

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. clarity or perceptiveness in speech, thought, or writing

Answer 104

perspicuity | (purr-spih-**kyoo**-ih-tee) ## Footnote synonyms: comprehensibility, articulateness, clarity, lucidity, transparency The _perspicuity_ of her speech made even the most complex ideas easy to understand.

Question 105

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to command or direct an action with authority v. to prohibit or forbid an action

Answer 105

enjoin | (en-**join**) ## Footnote synonyms: order, command; disallow, outlaw, dictate, direct, mandate The court _enjoined_ the company to halt its illegal practices immediately. The rules _enjoin_ students from bringing their phones to class.

Question 106

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. offensively flattering or insincere. adj. offensive to the taste

Answer 106

fulsome | (**fool**-suhm) ## Footnote synonyms: overdone, copious, distasteful, excessive, lavish, insincere His _fulsome_ praise made everyone uncomfortable, as it felt exaggerated and fake. The _fulsome_ sweetness of the dessert made it difficult to finish.

Question 107

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. a curse

Answer 107

imprecation | (im-prih-**key**-shuhn) ## Footnote synonyms: spell, hex, malediction, anathema, curse The angry witch muttered an _imprecation_ under her breath as she walked away.

Question 108

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to lessen the magnitude or seriousness of; to mitigate

Answer 108

extenuate | (ik-**sten**-yoo-eyt) ## Footnote synonyms: mitigate, lessen, lighten, alleviate, excuse, diminish The lawyer tried to _extenuate_ the defendant's actions by highlighting his difficult upbringing.

Question 109

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. certain, inevitable, unavoidable

Answer 109

ineluctable | (in-ih-**luhk**-tuh-buhl) ## Footnote synonyms: inescapable, destined, inevitable, unavoidable, certain The _ineluctable_ passage of time affects everyone, no matter their status.

Question 110

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to reduce the quality of v. to corrupt

Answer 110

vitiate | (**vish**-ee-eyt) ## Footnote synonyms: cheapen, deteriorate; blemish, debase, impair, spoil, undermine His repeated lies _vitiated_ the credibility of his testimony. The scandal _vitiated_ the integrity of the entire organization.

Question 111

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. depravity, baseness n. a vile act

Answer 111

turpitude | (**tur**-pih-tood) ## Footnote synonyms: depravity, baseness, wickedness, immorality, corruption The _turpitude_ of the criminal’s actions shocked the entire community. His _turpitude_ was evident when he betrayed his own family for money.

Question 112

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. mournful, sorrowful, melancholy

Answer 112

plaintive | (**pleyn**-tiv) ## Footnote synonyms: sad, wistful, forlorn, sorrowful, lamenting The _plaintive_ melody of the violin expressed a deep sense of loss.

Question 113

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. holding tenaciously to a belief adj. stubbornly unyielding

Answer 113

pertinacious | (purt-n-**ey**-shuhs) ## Footnote synonyms: stubbornly unyielding, tenacious, persistent, dogged, resolute The _pertinacious_ activist refused to back down, despite the opposition. His _pertinacious_ nature made it difficult to convince him to change his mind.

Question 114

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. unfaithful, disloyal to belief or principle adj. cowardly or craven n. one who is a coward, unfaithful, or disloyal

Answer 114

recreant | (**rek**-ree-uhnt) ## Footnote synonyms: cowardly, disloyal, traitorous, unfaithful, craven The _recreant_ knight abandoned his comrades in their hour of need. The _recreant_ fled the battlefield, leaving his fellow soldiers behind.

Question 115

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to offer as proof in an argument

Answer 115

adduce | (uh-**doos**) ## Footnote synonyms: introduce, exhibit, cite, bring forward, present, mention The lawyer _adduced_ several pieces of evidence to support her client's innocence.

Question 116

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to slander or speak maliciously of

Answer 116

traduce | (truh-**doos**) ## Footnote synonyms: defame, slander, malign, disparage, vilify He was quick to _traduce_ his rivals, spreading false rumors to damage their reputations.

Question 117

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. relevant, suitable, or fitting

Answer 117

apposite | (**app**-uh-zit) ## Footnote synonyms: pertinent, timely, appropriate, fitting, applicable, relevant His _apposite_ remarks during the meeting helped to clarify the situation.

Question 118

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. rambling aimlessly through a wide range of subjects adj. drawing conclusions based on reason (as opposed to intuition)

Answer 118

discursive | (diss-**kurr**-siv) ## Footnote synonyms: digressive, erratic; inclusive, absolute, wandering, rambling, aimless His _discursive_ lecture covered topics ranging from philosophy to pop culture. The _discursive_ analysis of the data led to several logical conclusions.

Question 119

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. an extracurricular activity; a hobby

Answer 119

avocation | (av-uh-**key**-shuhn) ## Footnote synonyms: hobby, recreation, pastime, interest, pursuit, diversion Her _avocation_ of painting provided a creative outlet outside of her day job.

Question 120

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to foreshadow vaguely v. to produce a faint outline or resemblance of something

Answer 120

adumbrate | (uh-**duhm**-breyt) ## Footnote synonyms: bode, suggest, indicate, outline, foreshadow, sketch The author _adumbrated_ the tragic ending early in the novel. The sketch _adumbrated_ the final design of the building.

Question 121

# Define: alchemy | (**al**-kuh-me)

Answer 121

n. the medieval study of transforming lead into gold ## Footnote Although it was never proven possible, _alchemy_ is in many ways related to the chemistry we study today.

Question 122

# Define: allege | (uh-**ledge**)

Answer 122

v. to state that something is true without providing proof ## Footnote The neighbors _alleged_ that it was the store owner who started the fire, but it turned out that he had been out of town after speaking with him.

Question 123

# Define: allude | (uh-**lewd**)

Answer 123

v. to refer to another concept indirectly ## Footnote She would occasionally _allude_ to a summer house, though nobody knew exactly where it was.

Question 124

# Define: altruism | (**al-**true-iz-um)

Answer 124

n. selfless concern for others ## Footnote Many charities were formed thanks to Rajiv's _altruism_ and generosity.

Question 125

# Define: ambivalence | (am-**biv**-uh-lunce)

Answer 125

n. confused or contradicting feelings ## Footnote The bride's _ambivalence_ towards the color of the roses meant the groom had to decide.

Question 126

# Define: amble | (**am**-bul)

Answer 126

v. to walk slowly ## Footnote The old man _ambled_ over to our table and started up a conversation.

Question 127

# Define: ameliorate | (uh-**meal**-yuh-rate)

Answer 127

v. to make better ## Footnote The new medicine _ameliorated_ her condition rather quickly.

Question 128

# Define: amenable | (uh-**men**-ih-bull)

Answer 128

adj. open to suggestion or criticism adj. accountable ## Footnote A good manager is _amenable_ to his employee's new ideas.

Question 129

# Define: analgesic | (ann-ul-**djee**-zick)

Answer 129

n. pain reliever ## Footnote After the surgery, the doctor prescribed an _analgesic_ for her patient's leg.

Question 130

# Define: anecdote | (**ann**-ik-dote)

Answer 130

n. a story of a specific incident, used as an example or for entertainment ## Footnote The actor's acceptance speech included an _anecdote_ about his first audition.

Question 131

# Define: annul | (uh-**null**)

Answer 131

v. to declare invalid ## Footnote The couple had their marriage _annulled_ when it was revealed that the groom was still married to another woman.

Question 132

# Define: didactic | (die-**dak-**tick)

Answer 132

adj. overly instructive, educational ## Footnote He may mean well, but Pat's efforts to help came across as fussy and _didactic_.

Question 133

# Define: diffident | (**diff**-ih-dunt)

Answer 133

adj. lacking confidence; restrained or reserved ## Footnote Since it was her first day, Lucy ventured only _diffident_ answers to her superiors' requests for input.

Question 134

# Define: diffuse | (v. dih-**fewz**; adj. dih-**fewss**)

Answer 134

v. to spread out adj. widely spread, scattered adj. wordy and rambling ## Footnote Such a _diffuse_ network of law enforcement will not be able to eliminate all instances of crime.

Question 135

# Define: dilapidated | (dih-**lap**-ih-date-id)

Answer 135

adj. ruined, worn down ## Footnote The abandoned house was _dilapidated_ from years of neglect.

Question 136

# Define: dilate | (**die-**late)

Answer 136

v. to widen or enlarge v. to give a long speech on a subject ## Footnote The eye drops _dilated_ his pupils so the eye doctor could better examine them.

Question 137

# Define: dilettante | (**dill**-ih-tont)

Answer 137

n. a person with an interest in a topic without really commiting n. a patron of the arts ## Footnote The dance school accepted *_dilettante_*s as well as trained professionals.

Question 138

# Define: dirge | (**durge**)

Answer 138

n. a mournful song ## Footnote We heard a chorus singing a _dirge_ as the funeral procession began.

Question 139

# Define: disabuse | (diss-uh-**bewz**)

Answer 139

v. to free from a misconception or error in thought ## Footnote Luke made it his goal to _disabuse_ his students of the notion that they didn't need to work hard to do well.

Question 140

# Define: disaffect | (diss-uh-**fect**)

Answer 140

v. to make someone lose loyalty or affection ## Footnote Her attention-seeking behavior _disaffected_ many of her classmates.

Question 141

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. the medieval study of transforming lead into gold

Answer 141

alchemy | (**al**-kuh-me) ## Footnote synonyms: sorcery, wizardry, medieval science, magical transformation, mysticism, theurgy Medieval scientists pursued _alchemy_, hoping to turn base metals into gold.

Question 142

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to state that something is true without providing proof

Answer 142

allege | (uh-**ledge**) ## Footnote synonyms: assert, claim, contend, proclaim, argue He _alleged_ that the company was involved in illegal activities, but no evidence was presented.

Question 143

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to refer to another concept indirectly

Answer 143

allude | (uh-**lewd**) ## Footnote synonyms: bring up, imply, mention, hint at, suggest, insinuate The author _alluded_ to a famous historical event in the opening chapter of the novel.

Question 144

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. selfless concern for others

Answer 144

altruism | (**al-**true-iz-um) ## Footnote synonyms: charity, kindness, selflessness, benevolence, philanthropy Her decision to volunteer at the shelter was an act of pure _altruism_.

Question 145

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. confused or contradicting feelings

Answer 145

ambivalence | (am-**biv**-uh-lunce) ## Footnote synonyms: confusion, dilemma, hesitation, uncertainty, mixed feelings, conflict His _ambivalence_ about moving to a new city made the decision difficult.

Question 146

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to walk slowly

Answer 146

amble | (**am**-bul) ## Footnote synonyms: saunter, drag, stroll, meander, roam They _amble_ along the park path, enjoying the sunny afternoon.

Question 147

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to make better

Answer 147

ameliorate | (uh-**meal**-yuh-rate) ## Footnote synonyms: amend, help, improve, enhance, alleviate The government launched several initiatives to _ameliorate_ living conditions in the city.

Question 148

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. open to suggestion or criticism adj. accountable

Answer 148

amenable | (uh-**men**-ih-bull) ## Footnote synonyms: willing, cooperative; chargeable, liable, receptive, compliant, flexible She was _amenable_ to feedback and worked hard to improve her skills. As the team leader, he was _amenable_ for any issues that arose during the project.

Question 149

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. pain reliever

Answer 149

analgesic | (ann-ul-**djee**-zick) ## Footnote synonyms: painkiller, soother, anodyne, remedy, analgesic agent The doctor prescribed an _analgesic_ to help manage the patient's pain after surgery.

Question 150

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. a story of a specific incident, used as an example or for entertainment

Answer 150

anecdote | (**ann**-ik-dote) ## Footnote synonyms: episode, account, chronicle, tale, narrative, story He shared a humorous _anecdote_ about his childhood during the family gathering.

Question 151

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to declare invalid

Answer 151

annul | (uh-**null**) ## Footnote synonyms: void, abolish, cancel, invalidate, nullify, revoke The court decided to _annul_ the contract due to a breach of terms.

Question 152

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. overly instructive or preachy

Answer 152

didactic | (die-**dak-**tick) ## Footnote synonyms: advisory, sermonic, bookish, pedagogical, moralistic, instructive His _didactic_ tone made it difficult for the students to engage with the lesson.

Question 153

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. lacking confidence; restrained or reserved

Answer 153

diffident | (**diff**-ih-dunt) ## Footnote synonyms: hesitant, unconfident, shy, timid, self-doubting Her _diffident_ manner made her seem shy during the presentation, though her ideas were strong.

Question 154

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to spread out adj. widely spread, scattered adj. wordy and rambling

Answer 154

diffuse | (v. dih-**fewz**; adj. dih**-fewss**) ## Footnote synonyms: delocalized, verbose, prolix, dispersed, scattered, extended The scent of flowers _diffused_ through the air as we entered the garden. The organization’s goals were too _diffuse_, leading to a lack of focus.

Question 155

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. ruined, worn down

Answer 155

dilapidated | (dih-**lap**-ih-date-id) ## Footnote synonyms: ramshackle, wasted, decayed, crumbling, deteriorated, neglected The _dilapidated_ house on the corner had been abandoned for years.

Question 156

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to widen or enlarge v. to give a long speech on a subject

Answer 156

dilate | (**die-**late) ## Footnote synonyms: stretch, amplify; hold forth, expand, broaden, enlarge The doctor used eye drops to _dilate_ his pupils for the examination. He began to _dilate_ on the importance of education during the town hall meeting.

Question 157

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. a person with an interest in a topic without really commiting n. a patron of the arts

Answer 157

dilettante | (**dill**-ih-tont) ## Footnote synonyms: green, unskilled; artist, connoisseur, amateur, enthusiast, hobbyist As a _dilettante_, he dabbled in painting but never took it seriously. The wealthy _dilettante_ often attended art exhibitions and supported local artists.

Question 158

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. a mournful song

Answer 158

dirge | (**durge**) ## Footnote synonyms: death song, lament, funeral hymn, elegy, requiem, lamentation The choir sang a somber _dirge_ at the funeral.

Question 159

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to free from a misconception or error in thought

Answer 159

disabuse | (diss-uh-**bewz**) ## Footnote synonyms: correct, debunk, enlighten, clarify, set straight He worked hard to _disabuse_ his friend of the belief in a common conspiracy theory.

Question 160

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to make someone lose loyalty or affection

Answer 160

disaffect | (diss-uh-**fect**) ## Footnote synonyms: alienate, antagonize, estrange, turn away, alienate The manager’s harsh treatment of employees began to _disaffect_ many from the company.

Question 161

# Define: discern | (dih-**surn**)

Answer 161

v. to recognize, to recognize as different ## Footnote From a distance, it was difficult for Josh to _discern_ who was waving at him.

Question 162

# Define: discomfit | (diss-**kum**-fit)

Answer 162

v. to unsettle v. to upset or prevent from succeeding ## Footnote The presence of the victim's family at the trial _discomfited_ the accused.

Question 163

# Define: hackneyed | (**hack**-need)

Answer 163

adj. overdone or cliché ## Footnote The student's poem contained the _hackneyed_ expressions that typically fill teenage diaries.

Question 164

# Define: hallmark | (**hall-**mark)

Answer 164

n. a unique, identifying trait n. a mark used to indicate the purity of certain metals ## Footnote Complete obedience is the _hallmark_ of a good soldier.

Question 165

# Define: harangue | (huh-**rang**)

Answer 165

v. to speak with intense emotions n. a rant ## Footnote The lobbyists arrived at the senator's office expecting to make a deal, but instead they received a 45-minute _harangue_ from the angry politician.

Question 166

# Define: hedonism | (**heed-**in-iz-um)

Answer 166

n. dedication to pursuing pleasure ## Footnote Jake's _hedonism_ became apparent when he quit his job rather than cancel his trip to the Bahamas.

Question 167

# Define: tan | (**tan**)

Answer 167

v. to whip v. to make leather out of animal hide ## Footnote He spent days _tanning_ the leather properly.

Question 168

# Define: heretical | (huh-**ret**-ih-kull)

Answer 168

adj. differing from official beliefs ## Footnote Galileo's discoveries of the nature of Earth's place in the universe were considered _heretical_ at the time.

Question 169

# Define: hieroglyphic | (high-ruh-**glif**-ik)

Answer 169

adj. difficult to understand, mysterious ## Footnote The students could not read the teacher's _hieroglyphic_ writing on the board.

Question 170

# Define: homogenous | (hoe-**modj**-ih-nus)

Answer 170

adj. composed of similar or identical parts ## Footnote The audience was mostly a _homogenous_ group of fashion design students, though one or two engineering students also attended.

Question 171

# Define: hone | (**hone**)

Answer 171

v. to perfect v. to sharpen ## Footnote The swimmers spent all day in the water trying to _hone_ their skills before the meet.

Question 172

# Define: husband | (**huz**-bund)

Answer 172

v. to conserve ## Footnote The campers knew they would have to _husband_ their supplies on their trip.

Question 173

# Define: nonplussed | (non-**plust**)

Answer 173

adj. confused ## Footnote She was _nonplussed_ when her mother scolded her for no apparent reason.

Question 174

# Define: noxious | (**knock**-shuss)

Answer 174

adj. harmful in a physical or moral way ## Footnote Unfortunately, the group did not notice the _noxious_ gas until it had claimed several victims.

Question 175

# Define: nuance | (**new**-awnss)

Answer 175

n. a small difference ## Footnote A trained scientist is sensitive to the _nuances_ between these two seemingly identical procedures.

Question 176

# Define: obdurate | (**ob**-duh-ritt)

Answer 176

adj. stubborn; inflexible and unyielding adj. emotionally cold; not compassionate ## Footnote Even when the witness began to cry, the accused remained _obdurate_ and detached.

Question 177

# Define: obsequious | (ob-**see**-kwee-us)

Answer 177

adj. very submissive and flattering ## Footnote In industries where _obsequious_ service is expected, one generally leaves a tip.

Question 178

# Define: obstinate | (**ob**-stuh-nitt)

Answer 178

adj. stubborn, unyielding to change an opinion ## Footnote The _obstinate_ woman refused to move out of the other customers' way.

Question 179

# Define: obviate | (**ob**-vee-ehyt)

Answer 179

v. to anticipate and prevent v. to make obsolete ## Footnote The Internet has all but _obviated_ the need for radio stations.

Question 180

# Define: occlude | (uh-**clued**)

Answer 180

v. to close or block off v. to combine opposite surfaces ## Footnote The only way out of the cabin was _occluded_ by a mound of fresh snow.

Question 181

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to see clearly

Answer 181

discern | (dih-**surn**) ## Footnote synonyms: note, notice, focus, detect, perceive, distinguish She was able to _discern_ the hidden meaning behind his words after careful reflection.

Question 182

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to unsettle v. to upset or prevent from succeeding

Answer 182

discomfit | (diss-**kum**-fit) ## Footnote synonyms: frustrate, annoy, embarrass, confuse, thwart The unexpected question _discomfited_ the speaker, causing him to lose his train of thought. Their attempts to _discomfit_ the opposing team by changing tactics were ultimately successful.

Question 183

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. overdone or cliché

Answer 183

hackneyed | (**hack-**need) ## Footnote synonyms: tired, common, trite, stale, unoriginal The movie’s plot was filled with _hackneyed_ dialogue that felt tired and unoriginal.

Question 184

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. a unique, identifying trait n. a mark used to indicate the purity of certain metals

Answer 184

hallmark | (**hall**-mark) ## Footnote synonyms: authentication, emblem, brand, signature, indicator, symbol Attention to detail is the _hallmark_ of a great designer. The jeweler inspected the _hallmark_ on the gold ring to verify its authenticity.

Question 185

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to speak with intense emotions n. a rant

Answer 185

harangue | (huh-**rang**) ## Footnote synonyms: diatribe, tirade, speech, lecture, oration, tirade The coach _harangued_ his team after their lackluster performance. His _harangue_ about politics lasted for nearly an hour.

Question 186

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. dedication to pursuing pleasure

Answer 186

hedonism | (**heed-**in-iz-um) ## Footnote synonyms: seeking pleasure and happiness, sensualism, indulgence, self-indulgence His lifestyle of constant parties and indulgence was a clear example of _hedonism_.

Question 187

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to whip v. to make leather out of animal hide

Answer 187

tan | (**tan**) ## Footnote synonyms: flog, beat, treat, process, skin In old times, sailors were often _tanned_ for disobedience. The workers _tanned_ the hides to create durable leather goods.

Question 188

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. differing from official beliefs

Answer 188

heretical | (huh-**ret**-ih-kull) ## Footnote synonyms: unorthodox, disagreeing, dissenting, radical, nonconformist, unconventional His _heretical_ views on religion caused him to be ostracized by the community.

Question 189

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. difficult to understand, mysterious

Answer 189

hieroglyphic | (high-ruh-**glif**-ik) ## Footnote synonyms: unclear, unreadable, cryptic, enigmatic, puzzling, obscure The professor’s notes were so _hieroglyphic_ that no one could make sense of them.

Question 190

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. composed of similar or identical parts

Answer 190

homogenous | (hoe-**modj**-ih-nuss) ## Footnote synonyms: same, of like parts, uniform, identical, consistent, congruent The population of the small town was largely _homogeneous_, with little cultural diversity.

Question 191

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to perfect v. to sharpen

Answer 191

hone | (**hone**) ## Footnote synonyms: train, discipline; whet, grind, refine, enhance, improve She spent years _honing_ her skills as a pianist to reach a professional level. He used a stone to _hone_ the blade of his knife.

Question 192

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to conserve

Answer 192

husband | (**huz**-bund) ## Footnote synonyms: retain, preserve, manage, conserve, safeguard They carefully _husbanded_ their resources to ensure they would last through the winter.

Question 193

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. confused

Answer 193

nonplussed | (non-**plust**) ## Footnote synonyms: perplexed, baffled, puzzled, bewildered, astonished, flabbergasted He was _nonplussed_ by the strange behavior of his coworkers.

Question 194

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. harmful in a physical or moral way

Answer 194

noxious | (**knock**-shuss) ## Footnote synonyms: dangerous, corrupt, harmful, toxic, deleterious The factory emitted _noxious_ fumes that were dangerous to both the environment and the workers.

Question 195

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? n. a small difference

Answer 195

nuance | (**new**-awnss) ## Footnote synonyms: degree, subtlety, shade, distinction, variation The actor’s performance captured every _nuance_ of the character’s emotions.

Question 196

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. emotionally cold; not compassionate

Answer 196

obdurate | (**ob**-duh-ritt) ## Footnote synonyms: insensitive, apathetic, unyielding, stubborn, relentless Despite their pleas, the judge remained _obdurate_ in his decision to impose the harshest penalty.

Question 197

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. very submissive and flattering

Answer 197

obsequious | (ob-**see**-kwee-us) ## Footnote synonyms: flattering, sycophantic, servile, fawning, subservient His _obsequious_ behavior towards his boss made him seem insincere and desperate for approval.

Question 198

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? adj. stubborn

Answer 198

obstinate | (**ob**-stuh-nitt) ## Footnote synonyms: stubborn, determined, headstrong, unyielding, persistent Despite all the evidence, he remained _obstinate_ in his opinion.

Question 199

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to anticipate and prevent v. to make obsolete

Answer 199

obviate | (**ob**-vee-ehyt) ## Footnote synonyms: anticipate, counteract; inhibit, stymie, prevent, eliminate, preclude The new safety measures were put in place to _obviate_ potential accidents. The introduction of digital cameras quickly _obviated_ the need for film.

Question 200

# Which of your vocabulary words means the following? v. to close or block off v. to combine opposite surfaces

Answer 200

occlude | (uh-**clued**) ## Footnote synonyms: clog, prevent, choke, congest, smother, block, obstruct, seal The dentist noticed that the patient’s teeth were _occluding_ improperly, causing discomfort. The doctor had to _occlude_ the blood vessels during the surgery to prevent bleeding.