Advent of Europeans to India Flashcards
SA1 (42 cards)
1
Q
What was in demand in Europe?
A
Indian spices like pepper, cardamom, ginger, etc
2
Q
Who had a monopoly over Europen trade?
A
Italians
3
Q
Who had a monopoly over Asian trade?
A
Arabs
4
Q
Who carried the Asian merch and where did they sell it?
A
Arabs sold it in Europe.
5
Q
What was the eastern Roman empire called?
A
Byzantium
6
Q
Which was the gateway to European trade?
A
Constantinople
7
Q
Which city was the trade and commerce between Asia and Europe taking place between?
A
Constantinople
8
Q
When did the Ottoman Turks invade Constantinople?
A
In ๐๐๐๐
9
Q
What were the results of the Ottoman Turks controlling Constantinople?
A
- The trade routes were under their control.
- They levied too much taxes for the goods passing through the said routes.
- Trade became unprofitable
10
Q
What were the other outcomes of the Ottoman Turks controlling Constantinople?
A
- Spain and Portugal were trying to break the monopoly of the Italians
- They encouraged youngsters/the youth to find a new route to Asia.
- There were new inventions such as the compass, the astrolabe, and gunpowder.
11
Q
Write about Vasco da Gama
A
- He was a Portuguese soldier.
- He started sailing from Lisbon
- He reached Calicut on the east coast of India in ๐๐๐๐
- He was successful in discovering a new sea route to India.
12
Q
Who was the first to re-establish trade between India and Europe?
A
The Portuguese.
13
Q
Write about the Suez canal.
A
- ๐๐๐๐
- Egypt
- connecting the red sea and the Mediterranean sea
- Until this was built, the route discovered by Vasco da Gama was used, in which they had to pass the Cape Of Good Hope.
- Before- 10,800 nautical miles
- After- 6,200 nautical miles
14
Q
Name the European trade companies established in India.
A
- Portuguese
- Dutch
- English
- French
15
Q
Write a note on the Portuguese in India.
A
- First to arrive in India
- Last to leave
- Francisco de Almeida as the viceroy
- *Bluewater policy
- Alfonso de Albuquerque (came after Almeida) is considered the real founder of Portuguese Empire in India
- Alfonso waged a war against the sultan of Bijapur and won Goa. ๐๐๐๐
- Goa became the administrative center of the Portuguese in India
- Portuguese had an absolute monopoly over Indian trade for and decade
- Power declines with the arrival of English and French
16
Q
What is the bluewater policy?
A
The policy to establish supremacy over water rather than land.
17
Q
First Viceroy of the Portuguese?
A
Francisco de Almeida
18
Q
The real founder of the Portuguese Empire in India?
A
Alfonso de Albuquerque
19
Q
Write a short note on the Dutch In India.
A
- Dutch are from Holland or Netherlands
- Established United East India Company In ๐๐๐๐
- Aims of UEIC being - business with eastern countries like India, Java, Sumatra, Indonesia, etc.
- Warehouses in ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ญ, ๐๐ซ๐จ๐๐๐ก, ๐๐๐ฆ๐๐, ๐๐จ๐๐ก๐ข๐ง, ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฉ๐๐ญ๐ง๐๐ฆ, ๐๐๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐๐ญ๐ง๐๐ฆ, ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ฎ.
20
Q
What are warehouses?
A
The warehouses were places for storing merch. Huge walls were built around these warehouses to provide protection.
21
Q
Write a note on the English in India.
A
- Queen Elizabeth issued a royal charter authorizing the EIC to trade with the Eastern companies for fifteen years on ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ฆ๐๐๐ซ, ๐๐๐๐.
- Formally, the business started in ๐๐๐๐.
- The Mughal emperor Jahangir allowed them to start their first warehouse at Surat.
- ๐๐๐๐, Sir Thomas Roe arrived at Jahangirโs court as the royal ambassador from James Iโs court.
- He sought permission to establish factories at ๐๐ ๐ซ๐, ๐๐ก๐ฆ๐๐๐๐๐๐, ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐๐๐ก.
- ๐๐๐๐, the English took Madras from the king of Chandragiri and established a strong fort known as St. George Fort.
- Later, Charles II, the prince of England, gave Bombay on an annual rent of ten pounds to the EIC in ๐๐๐๐.
- In ๐๐๐๐, the English purchased three villages namely- ๐๐ฎ๐ญ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข, ๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ค๐๐ญ๐, ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐จ๐ฏ๐ข๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ on the banks of the Hoogly river and built the Fort William.
- The city of Calcutta grew around this fort.
- By the seventeenth century, the English established Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta as the centers of their presidencies.
- By the later part of the eighteenth century, the English made Calcutta their capital city.
- They implemented their own civil and criminal procedure codes in the areas that were under their control.
22
Q
Who arrived at the court of Jahangir?
A
Sir Thomas Roe
23
Q
Which were the presidencies of the English EIC?
A
Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay
24
Q
Which was the Englishโs capital city?
A
Calcutta
25
Which villages did the English buy on the bank of which river and which fort was constructed on the banks of that river?
Sutanauti, Kalikata, and Govindapura on the banks of the river Hoogly where Fort William was constructed.
26
Where was the Fort St George constructed?
Madras.
27
Write a note on the French EIC in India.
* Started as a government-owned company in ๐๐๐๐
* First factory at Surat in ๐๐๐๐
* Other factories at ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐๐ญ๐ง๐๐ฆ, ๐๐ก๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ ๐จ๐ซ๐, ๐๐๐ก๐, ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ข๐ค๐๐ฅ, ๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฆ๐๐๐ณ๐๐๐ซ, ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ฌ๐จ๐ซ๐.
* ๐๐๐๐, Valikandapuram was taken from a Muslim official and developed as a major trade center
* Dupleix, the governor-general of the French had high ambitions of establishing the French as a major power in South India.
* His ambitions led to the Carnatic wars.
28
Where was the first french warehouse started and when?
Surat in 1668
29
Who was the first French governor-general?
Dupleix
30
What were the consequences of the competition between the British and the French?
* The Portuguese and the Dutch withdrew from India unable to withstand the competition
* French and the English fought for political supremacy over India.
31
What was happening during the heat between the French and the English?
* Instability rose in the regions of Hyderabad and Carnatic.
* The French and the English tried to take advantage of this.
* This led to the Carnatic wares
32
Where was Carnatic located?
The eastern part of Tamil Nadu
33
When was the Hyderabad Kingdom established?
1724
34
Who established the Hyderabad Kingdom?
Asaf Jha
35
What was Asaf Jha's situation?
* His feudatory Dost Ali was not loyal to him
* Dost Ali was killed by the Marathas in ๐๐๐๐
* The Marathas also looted Carnatic
* The Marathas imprisoned Chanda saheb in Satara
* Anwaruddin was named as the Nawab of Carnatic instead of Dost Ali
36
When was the First Carnatic war fought?
1746 - 1748
37
Write a note on the first Carnatic war.
* La BOurdannais, a French military leader from Mauritius invaded Madras and captured it on the request of Dupleix
* The British requested the help of Anwaruddin, the nawab of Carnatic.
* The army sent by Anwaruddin failed to defeat the French at Madras.
* La Bourdannais took money from the British, returned Madras and went back to Mauritius.
* This enraged Dupleix and he attempted to take Madras but failed.
* The war ended with the treaty of "๐ผ๐๐ญ ๐ก๐ ๐พ๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ก๐ก๐"
38
What was the treaty signed after the first Carnatic war?
The treaty of "๐ผ๐๐ญ ๐ก๐ ๐พ๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ก๐ก๐"
39
When did the Asaf Jha die?
!748
40
Write the situation after Asaf Jha's death
*The Nizam of Hyderabad, AsafJha died in 1748
*A tussle started between his son Nasir Jung and his daughterโs son Mujaffar Jung for the throne.
*On the other hand, a fight had broken out between Chandasaheb(who was released from the Maratha prison) and Anwaruddin in Carnatic.
*French extended their support to Mujaffar Jung in Hyderbad and Chandasaheb in Carnatic.
*The English extended their supported Nasir Jung and Anwaurddin.
*In 1749, the combined forces of French, Chandasaheb, and Muzaffar Jung defeated Anwaurddin and killed him in the Ambur battle.
*As a result, Chandsaheb became the ruler of Carnatic. Mohammad Ali, the son of Anwaruddin stayed at Thiruchanapalli with the help of English.
*In Hyderabad, Muzaffar Jung became the Nizam by killing Nasir Jung with the help of French and Chandasaheb.
*He got killed after a few days. The French
made Salabath Jung, another son of Asaf Jha as the Nizam of Hyderabad.
41
When was the second Carnatic war fought?
1749-1754
42
Write a note on the second Carnatic war.
*
