Advent of Europeans to India

Question 1

What was in demand in Europe?

Answer 1

Indian spices like pepper, cardamom, ginger, etc

Question 2

Who had a monopoly over Europen trade?

Answer 2

Italians

Question 3

Who had a monopoly over Asian trade?

Answer 3

Arabs

Question 4

Who carried the Asian merch and where did they sell it?

Answer 4

Arabs sold it in Europe.

Question 5

What was the eastern Roman empire called?

Answer 5

Byzantium

Question 6

Which was the gateway to European trade?

Answer 6

Constantinople

Question 7

Which city was the trade and commerce between Asia and Europe taking place between?

Answer 7

Constantinople

Question 8

When did the Ottoman Turks invade Constantinople?

Answer 8

In 𝟏𝟒𝟓𝟑

Question 9

What were the results of the Ottoman Turks controlling Constantinople?

Answer 9

• The trade routes were under their control.
• They levied too much taxes for the goods passing through the said routes.
• Trade became unprofitable

Question 10

What were the other outcomes of the Ottoman Turks controlling Constantinople?

Answer 10

• Spain and Portugal were trying to break the monopoly of the Italians
• They encouraged youngsters/the youth to find a new route to Asia.
• There were new inventions such as the compass, the astrolabe, and gunpowder.

Question 11

Write about Vasco da Gama

Answer 11

• He was a Portuguese soldier.
• He started sailing from Lisbon
• He reached Calicut on the east coast of India in 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟖
• He was successful in discovering a new sea route to India.

Question 12

Who was the first to re-establish trade between India and Europe?

Answer 12

The Portuguese.

Question 13

Write about the Suez canal.

Answer 13

• 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟗
• Egypt
• connecting the red sea and the Mediterranean sea
• Until this was built, the route discovered by Vasco da Gama was used, in which they had to pass the Cape Of Good Hope.
• Before- 10,800 nautical miles
• After- 6,200 nautical miles

Question 14

Name the European trade companies established in India.

Answer 14

• Portuguese
• Dutch
• English
• French

Question 15

Write a note on the Portuguese in India.

Answer 15

• First to arrive in India
• Last to leave
• Francisco de Almeida as the viceroy
• *Bluewater policy
• Alfonso de Albuquerque (came after Almeida) is considered the real founder of Portuguese Empire in India
• Alfonso waged a war against the sultan of Bijapur and won Goa. 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟎
• Goa became the administrative center of the Portuguese in India
• Portuguese had an absolute monopoly over Indian trade for and decade
• Power declines with the arrival of English and French

Question 16

What is the bluewater policy?

Answer 16

The policy to establish supremacy over water rather than land.

Question 17

First Viceroy of the Portuguese?

Answer 17

Francisco de Almeida

Question 18

The real founder of the Portuguese Empire in India?

Answer 18

Alfonso de Albuquerque

Question 19

Write a short note on the Dutch In India.

Answer 19

• Dutch are from Holland or Netherlands
• Established United East India Company In 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟐
• Aims of UEIC being - business with eastern countries like India, Java, Sumatra, Indonesia, etc.
• Warehouses in 𝐒𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭, 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡, 𝐂𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐞, 𝐂𝐨𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧, 𝐍𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐧𝐚𝐦, 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐧𝐚𝐦, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐮.

Question 20

What are warehouses?

Answer 20

The warehouses were places for storing merch. Huge walls were built around these warehouses to provide protection.

Question 21

Write a note on the English in India.

Answer 21

• Queen Elizabeth issued a royal charter authorizing the EIC to trade with the Eastern companies for fifteen years on 𝟑𝟏 𝐃𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫, 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎.
• Formally, the business started in 𝟏𝟔𝟏𝟑.
• The Mughal emperor Jahangir allowed them to start their first warehouse at Surat.
• 𝟏𝟔𝟏𝟕, Sir Thomas Roe arrived at Jahangir’s court as the royal ambassador from James I’s court.
• He sought permission to establish factories at 𝐀𝐠𝐫𝐚, 𝐀𝐡𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐝, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡.
• 𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟗, the English took Madras from the king of Chandragiri and established a strong fort known as St. George Fort.
• Later, Charles II, the prince of England, gave Bombay on an annual rent of ten pounds to the EIC in 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟖.
• In 𝟏𝟔𝟗𝟎, the English purchased three villages namely- 𝐒𝐮𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐢, 𝐊𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐤𝐚𝐭𝐚, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐚 on the banks of the Hoogly river and built the Fort William.
• The city of Calcutta grew around this fort.
• By the seventeenth century, the English established Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta as the centers of their presidencies.
• By the later part of the eighteenth century, the English made Calcutta their capital city.
• They implemented their own civil and criminal procedure codes in the areas that were under their control.

Question 22

Who arrived at the court of Jahangir?

Answer 22

Sir Thomas Roe

Question 23

Which were the presidencies of the English EIC?

Answer 23

Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay

Question 24

Which was the English’s capital city?

Answer 24

Calcutta

Question 25

Which villages did the English buy on the bank of which river and which fort was constructed on the banks of that river?

Answer 25

Sutanauti, Kalikata, and Govindapura on the banks of the river Hoogly where Fort William was constructed.

Question 26

Where was the Fort St George constructed?

Answer 26

Madras.

Question 27

Write a note on the French EIC in India.

Answer 27

• Started as a government-owned company in 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟒
• First factory at Surat in 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟖
• Other factories at 𝐌𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐧𝐚𝐦, 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐞, 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐞, 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐤𝐚𝐥, 𝐂𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐛𝐚𝐳𝐚𝐚𝐫, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐫𝐞.
• 𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟒, Valikandapuram was taken from a Muslim official and developed as a major trade center
• Dupleix, the governor-general of the French had high ambitions of establishing the French as a major power in South India.
• His ambitions led to the Carnatic wars.

Question 28

Where was the first french warehouse started and when?

Answer 28

Surat in 1668

Question 29

Who was the first French governor-general?

Answer 29

Dupleix

Question 30

What were the consequences of the competition between the British and the French?

Answer 30

• The Portuguese and the Dutch withdrew from India unable to withstand the competition
• French and the English fought for political supremacy over India.

Question 31

What was happening during the heat between the French and the English?

Answer 31

• Instability rose in the regions of Hyderabad and Carnatic.
• The French and the English tried to take advantage of this.
• This led to the Carnatic wares

Question 32

Where was Carnatic located?

Answer 32

The eastern part of Tamil Nadu

Question 33

When was the Hyderabad Kingdom established?

Answer 33

1724

Question 34

Who established the Hyderabad Kingdom?

Answer 34

Asaf Jha

Question 35

What was Asaf Jha’s situation?

Answer 35

• His feudatory Dost Ali was not loyal to him
• Dost Ali was killed by the Marathas in 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟎
• The Marathas also looted Carnatic
• The Marathas imprisoned Chanda saheb in Satara
• Anwaruddin was named as the Nawab of Carnatic instead of Dost Ali

Question 36

When was the First Carnatic war fought?

Answer 36

1746 - 1748

Question 37

Write a note on the first Carnatic war.

Answer 37

• La BOurdannais, a French military leader from Mauritius invaded Madras and captured it on the request of Dupleix
• The British requested the help of Anwaruddin, the nawab of Carnatic.
• The army sent by Anwaruddin failed to defeat the French at Madras.
• La Bourdannais took money from the British, returned Madras and went back to Mauritius.
• This enraged Dupleix and he attempted to take Madras but failed.
• The war ended with the treaty of “𝘼𝙞𝙭 𝙡𝙖 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙥𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙚”

Question 38

What was the treaty signed after the first Carnatic war?

Answer 38

The treaty of “𝘼𝙞𝙭 𝙡𝙖 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙥𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙚”

Question 39

When did the Asaf Jha die?

Answer 39

!748

Question 40

Write the situation after Asaf Jha’s death

Answer 40

*The Nizam of Hyderabad, AsafJha died in 1748
*A tussle started between his son Nasir Jung and his daughter’s son Mujaffar Jung for the throne.
*On the other hand, a fight had broken out between Chandasaheb(who was released from the Maratha prison) and Anwaruddin in Carnatic.
*French extended their support to Mujaffar Jung in Hyderbad and Chandasaheb in Carnatic.
*The English extended their supported Nasir Jung and Anwaurddin.
*In 1749, the combined forces of French, Chandasaheb, and Muzaffar Jung defeated Anwaurddin and killed him in the Ambur battle.
*As a result, Chandsaheb became the ruler of Carnatic. Mohammad Ali, the son of Anwaruddin stayed at Thiruchanapalli with the help of English.
*In Hyderabad, Muzaffar Jung became the Nizam by killing Nasir Jung with the help of French and Chandasaheb.
*He got killed after a few days. The French
made Salabath Jung, another son of Asaf Jha as the Nizam of Hyderabad.

Question 41

When was the second Carnatic war fought?

Answer 41

1749-1754

Question 42

Write a note on the second Carnatic war.

Answer 42

*