adverbs Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are simple adverbs?
Simple adverbs are most often mono-morphemic or single words, such as here, there, well, fast, soon, indeed, rather, quite, later, etc.
What are derivational adverbs?
Derivational adverbs are adverbs derived by affixation. The suffix -ly is the most productive, e.g., quickly, absolutely, apparently, slowly, rapidly, certainly, etc.
What are some examples of adverbs formed with -wards?
Examples include backwards, forward, homeward, toward, etc.
What is the occurrence of the suffix -wise in adverbs?
-wise is limited in occurrence, with examples like clockwise and piecewise.
What are compound adverbs?
Compound adverbs are derived from two stems, such as somewhere and however.
What are fixed adverbial phrases?
Fixed adverbial phrases are set expressions formed by adverbs and prepositions, like out of, away from, in between, ahead of, since then, from within, one by one.
What are flat adverbs?
Flat adverbs are structurally like simple adverbs but have two forms: one identical in form and meaning with the adjective, and the other ending in -ly with a different meaning. Examples include barely, tightly, lately, closely, shortly, highly, easily, clearly.
What is an example of a flat adverb?
Use of English was a hard exercise to do. He worked hard to improve his English. She could hardly open her eyes.
What are degrees of comparison in adverbs?
Adverbs can form degrees of comparison, following the rules for related adjectives, e.g., fast - faster - fastest; soon - sooner - soonest.
What are adverbs of circumstance?
Adverbs of circumstance specify the circumstances under which an action, process, or state takes place.
What are adverbs of place?
Adverbs of place specify position, direction, or distance, such as outside, inside, skywards, here, there, ashore, sideways, upstairs, westwards.
What are adverbs of manner?
Adverbs of manner describe how an action takes place, e.g., happily, quickly, slowly, fast, vigorously, energetically.
What are adverbs of degree?
Adverbs of degree intensify the quality of adjectives and adverbs or point out the intensity of the verbal action, e.g., almost, completely, perfectly, powerfully, absolutely, slightly, quite, rather, very.
What are adverbs of time?
Adverbs of time specify when the verbal action occurs, e.g., now, then, yesterday, tomorrow, after, already, before, soon, recently.
What are adverbs of frequency?
Adverbs of frequency specify how often the verbal action occurs, e.g., always, often, usually, seldom, rarely, sometimes.
What are adverbs of stance?
Adverbs of stance convey the speaker’s attitude towards the information expressed in the utterance.
What are epistemic adverbs?
Epistemic adverbs refer to levels of certainty or doubt towards the reality of the utterance, e.g., probably, definitely, certainly, surely, apparently, obviously, approximately.
What are adverbs of attitude?
Adverbs of attitude refer to the feelings of the person involved in the utterance, e.g., unfortunately, curiously, regrettably, sensibly, reluctantly.
What are linking adverbs?
Linking adverbs express connections between clauses of complex and compound sentences, e.g., first, altogether, furthermore, moreover, however, nevertheless.
How do adverbs function as modifiers?
Adverbs can function as modifiers of adjectives and other adverbs to intensify their quality, usually preceding the modified word.
What are adverbial modifiers?
Adverbial modifiers specify the circumstances under which the verbal action or state takes place, following semantic categories of adverbs.
What are coordinating adverbs?
Coordinating adverbs serve as coordinators and conjunctions of two independent clauses, also known as transitional words.
What are subordinating adverbs?
Subordinating conjunctive adverbs introduce dependent clauses in a complex sentence.
