Adverse Drug Reaction

Question 1

Name four common adverse drug reactions caused by NSAIDs?

Answer 1

GI complication
Cerebral haemorrhage
Wheezing
Renal impairment

Question 2

Name three common adverse drug reactions caused by diuretics?

Answer 2

Renal impairment
Hypotension
Gout

Question 3

Name three common adverse drug interactions caused by B-blockers?

Answer 3

Wheezing
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Heart block

Question 4

Describe augmented adverse drug reactions and give three examples?

Answer 4

Dose dependant and expected
Insulin causing hypoglycaemia
Warfarin causing bleeding
Nitrates causing headaches

Question 5

Describe bizarre adverse drug reactions and give three examples?

Answer 5

Unpredictable and NOT dose dependent
Penecillins causing anaphylaxis
Choramphenicol (inhibitor) causing agranulocytosis
Halophene causing hepatitis

Question 6

What ‘chronic (prolonged treatment)’ adverse reaction can be caused by phenothyazine (anti-psychotic)?

Answer 6

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 7

What ‘end (withdrawal)’ adverse reaction can be caused by steroid withdrawal?

Answer 7

Acute adrenal insufficiency

Question 8

Name four drugs that can cause gynaecomastia?

Answer 8

Synacthen
Spironolactone
Digoxin
Methyl-dopa

Question 9

Name four drugs that can cause gallactorrhoea?

Answer 9

Metoclopermide
Reserpine
Halloperidol
Methyl-dopa

Question 10

Name two drugs that can lead to Steven-Johnson syndrome and describe its clinical features?

Answer 10

Hypersensitivity reaction to drugs
Carbomazapine
Phenytoin
Palms and soles - blistering at lesion centre
Can go on to toxic epidermal necrolysis

Question 11

Alcohol and benzodiazapines can interact at which receptor and lead to which effect?

Answer 11

Gaba-a recetor

Sedative

Question 12

Acidic drugs are better absorbed under which conditions in the gut?

Answer 12

More acidic - alcohol ect

Antacids will raise pH and therefore decrease absorption

Question 13

Name a drug that can displace phenytoin from its normal PB state in the blood?

Answer 13

Sodium valproate

Question 14

Name a drug that markedly increases Digoxin’s plasma concentration - toxicity and describe how it does this?

Answer 14

Quinidine can displace digioxin from cardiac receptors and also decreases rates of its excretion (verapamil can also do this)

Question 15

Thiazide diuretics should be avoided with which other drug?

Answer 15

Lithium
Proximal tubules can’t distinguish between Na and lithium and increase lithium uptake as a compensatory mechanism for the loss of sodium