Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards
(11 cards)
1
Q
Give 6 drug classes which are known to cause impaired glucose tolerance
A
- Thiazides
- Steroids
- Tacrolimus, ciclosporin
- Interferon-alpha
- Nicotinic acid
- Antipsychotics
(sometimes beta blockers)
2
Q
Give 5 drugs that
are known to cause urinary retention
A
- tricyclic antidepressants e.g. amitriptyline
- anticholinergics e.g. antipsychotics, antihistamines
- opioids
- NSAIDs
- disopyramide
3
Q
Give 5 drugs known to cause lung fibrosis
A
- amiodarone
- cytotoxic agents: busulphan, bleomycin
- anti-rheumatoid drugs: methotrexate, sulfasalazine
- nitrofurantoin
- ergot-derived dopamine receptor agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide)
4
Q
Give the mechanism of action of rifampicin
A
- inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, preventing transcription of DNA into mRNA
- Potent liver enzyme inducer
5
Q
Give 2 side effects of rifampicin
A
- Hepatitis
- Flu-like symptoms
6
Q
Give the mechanism of action of Isoniazid
A
Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
7
Q
Give 2 side effects of isoniazid
A
- hepatitis, agranulocytosis
- liver enzyme inhibitor
8
Q
Give the mechanism of action of Pyrazinamide
A
converted by pyrazinamidase into pyrazinoic acid which in turn inhibits fatty acid synthase (FAS) I
9
Q
Give 3 side effects of Pyrazinamide
A
- Hyperuricaemia causing gout
- arthralgia, myalgia
- hepatitis
10
Q
Give the mechanism of action of Ethambutol
A
inhibits the enzyme arabinosyl transferase which polymerizes arabinose into arabinan
11
Q
Give 2 side effects of ethambutol
A
- optic neuritis: check visual acuity before and during treatment
- dose needs adjusting in patients with renal impairment
