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Microbiology - Bacteriology > Aerobic Gram Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

Aerobic Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

What bacterium is primarily responsible for diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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2
Q

What type of media is used to isolate Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Tellurite agar

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3
Q

True or False: Loeffler’s serum medium is used for the cultivation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

A

True

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4
Q

What test is used to identify Corynebacterium diphtheriae using an immunological method?

A

Elek test

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5
Q

Which genus does Listeria belong to?

A

Listeria

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6
Q

Name a distinguishing feature of Bacillus species.

A

They are spore-forming.

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7
Q

What is a key characteristic of Mycobacterium species?

A

They have a waxy cell wall due to mycolic acids.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae is called _______.

A

diphtheria toxin

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9
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Respiratory droplets

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10
Q

True or False: Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a gram-negative bacterium.

A

False

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11
Q

Which laboratory technique is used to visualize Corynebacterium diphtheriae under a microscope?

A

Gram staining

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12
Q

What is the shape of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Club-shaped (pleomorphic)

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes? A) Motile B) Non-spore forming C) Gram-negative D) Can cause meningitis

A

C) Gram-negative

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14
Q

What type of environment does Mycobacterium require for growth?

A

Aerobic

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15
Q

Name one disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes.

A

Listeriosis

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16
Q

True or False: Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax.

A

True

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17
Q

What is the primary laboratory test for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The Elek test is used to determine the presence of _______ in Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

A

diphtheria toxin

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19
Q

Which medium is selective for Listeria species?

A

Listeria-selective agar (e.g., PALCAM agar)

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20
Q

What is the significance of the tellurite reduction in the culture of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

It indicates the presence of the bacterium.

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21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of Corynebacterium diphtheriae? A) It is spore-forming B) It is catalase-positive C) It is anaerobic D) It is a cocci

A

B) It is catalase-positive

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22
Q

What is the primary treatment for diphtheria?

A

Diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics

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23
Q

True or False: Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of leprosy.

A

True

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24
Q

What is the primary reservoir for Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Animal products (e.g., dairy, meats)

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25
Fill in the blank: Bacillus cereus is known for causing _______ food poisoning.
emetic and diarrheal
26
Which staining method is used for Mycobacterium species to highlight their unique cell wall?
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
27
What type of toxin is produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Exotoxin
28
True or False: Listeria can grow at refrigerator temperatures.
True
29
What is the role of the Elek test in clinical microbiology?
To confirm toxin production by Corynebacterium diphtheriae
30
Which species of Bacillus is commonly associated with foodborne illness?
Bacillus cereus
31
Fill in the blank: The virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily due to its _______ structure.
cell wall
32
What is the primary purpose of the Runyon classification?
To categorize mycobacteria based on their growth characteristics and pigmentation.
33
How many groups are there in the Runyon classification?
There are four groups.
34
Which group of the Runyon classification includes non-pigmented, slow-growing mycobacteria?
Group I.
35
True or False: Group II mycobacteria are characterized by rapid growth and produce yellow pigments.
True.
36
Fill in the blank: Mycobacteria in Group III are known as ______ mycobacteria.
Photochromogenic.
37
What defines Group IV in the Runyon classification?
Non-photochromogenic, slow-growing mycobacteria.
38
Which group does Mycobacterium tuberculosis belong to?
Group I.
39
What is a key characteristic of Group II mycobacteria?
They grow rapidly and produce pigments in the light.
40
Name one example of a mycobacterium from Group III.
Mycobacterium kansasii.
41
True or False: All mycobacteria are pathogenic.
False.
42
Which group contains mycobacteria that do not produce pigments regardless of light exposure?
Group IV.
43
What is the growth rate of mycobacteria in Group I?
Slow-growing.
44
Fill in the blank: Mycobacterium leprae is categorized under ______.
Group I.
45
Which type of mycobacteria are typically used in the production of vaccines?
Attenuated strains from Group I.
46
What are the growth characteristics of Group II mycobacteria?
Rapid growth and production of pigments in light.
47
Give an example of a non-pathogenic mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium smegmatis.
48
True or False: Mycobacterium avium complex is part of Group IV.
True.
49
What is a significant clinical implication of differentiating mycobacteria using the Runyon classification?
It helps in identifying and treating specific infections.
50
Which group includes mycobacteria that are only pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals?
Group IV.
51
Fill in the blank: Mycobacterium fortuitum is classified under ______.
Group II.
52
What is the main feature of photochromogenic mycobacteria?
They produce pigments when exposed to light.
53
Which group of mycobacteria is often associated with chronic lung infections?
Group III.
54
True or False: Group I mycobacteria can grow in the absence of oxygen.
False.
55
What is the significance of pigmentation in mycobacteria?
It helps in classification and identification.
56
Name a characteristic that distinguishes Group I from Group II mycobacteria.
Group I is slow-growing, while Group II is rapid-growing.
57
What role does the Runyon classification play in microbiology?
It aids in the identification and classification of mycobacterial species.
58
Fill in the blank: The term 'non-chromogenic' refers to mycobacteria that do not produce ______.
Pigments.
59
Which group of mycobacteria is often used in research and laboratory settings?
Group II.
60
True or False: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a photochromogenic organism.
False.
61
What is the common feature of all mycobacteria in Group IV?
They are non-pathogenic and slow-growing.
62
How does light exposure affect the pigmentation of Group III mycobacteria?
It induces pigment production.
63
What is the clinical significance of identifying mycobacteria in Group II?
They are often responsible for opportunistic infections.
64
Fill in the blank: Mycobacterium bovis is an example of a mycobacterium in ______.
Group I.
65
What is Hansen’s bacillus commonly known as?
Mycobacterium leprae
66
True or False: Lumpy jaw is a condition caused by a bacterial infection.
True
67
What type of organism is Nocardia?
A genus of bacteria
68
Fill in the blank: Hansen’s bacillus primarily affects the ______ system.
nervous
69
What disease is associated with Hansen’s bacillus?
Leprosy
70
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a symptom of lumpy jaw? A) Fever B) Swelling of the jaw C) Nausea D) Rash
B) Swelling of the jaw
71
True or False: Nocardia can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals.
True
72
What is the primary transmission route for Hansen’s bacillus?
Through prolonged close contact with an infected person
73
Fill in the blank: The treatment for leprosy typically includes ______ drugs.
antibiotic
74
What is the scientific name for the bacteria that cause lumpy jaw?
Actinomyces bovis
75
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is NOT caused by Nocardia? A) Nocardiosis B) Actinomycosis C) Leprosy D) Pulmonary infections
C) Leprosy
76
True or False: Lumpy jaw is primarily a disease of humans.
False
77
What laboratory test is commonly used to diagnose leprosy?
Skin biopsy
78
Fill in the blank: Nocardia species are often found in ______ environments.
soil
79
What is the incubation period for Hansen’s bacillus infection?
Several years
80
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a treatment option for nocardiosis? A) Corticosteroids B) Antifungals C) Antibiotics D) Vaccines
C) Antibiotics
81
True or False: Lumpy jaw can lead to the formation of abscesses.
True
82
What is the primary method of prevention for leprosy?
Early diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals
83
Fill in the blank: The bacteria causing lumpy jaw are ______ anaerobic.
facultatively
84
What is a common characteristic of Nocardia infections?
They can cause pulmonary disease.
85
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a risk factor for Nocardia infection? A) Diabetes B) Hypertension C) Asthma D) Osteoporosis
A) Diabetes
86
True or False: Hansen’s bacillus can be completely eradicated from an infected individual.
False
87
What is the typical duration of antibiotic treatment for leprosy?
6 months to 2 years
88
Fill in the blank: The main route of transmission for lumpy jaw is through ______ injuries.
traumatic
89
What role do macrophages play in the immune response to Hansen’s bacillus?
They are involved in the containment and destruction of the bacteria.
90
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common complication of untreated lumpy jaw? A) Osteomyelitis B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) Anemia
A) Osteomyelitis

Microbiology - Bacteriology (6 decks)

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