Aerobic systems 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Aerobic energy systems start the same as which other energy system?
Lactic Acid System
Which fuel is used in both lactic energy systems and aerobic systems?
Glycogen
What is available in the aerobic energy system, which is not available in the lactic acid system or ATP-PC system?
Oxygen
Aerobic Glycolysis (breaking down of Glycogen in aerobic systems)
Where does aerobic glycolysis take place?
In the sarcoplasm of the muscle
Aerobic Glycolysis
Explain or draw a diagram showing the glycolysis process.
Glycogen converts to glucose using GPP, glucose converts to Pyruvic acid using PFK.
How many ATP does aerobic glycolysis produce?
2 Molecules of ATP
In the lactic acid system, the pyruvate converts to lactic acid. Why does this NOT happen in aerobic glycolysis?
Because oxygen is present
In aerobic energy system, what does the pyruvate catalyse and convert to?
Acetyl CoA
What does the ‘CoA’ in ‘Acetyl CoA’ stands for what, and what is it used for?
CoA is ‘Coenzyme A and is used in the oxidation (combining with oxygen) of fatty acids (which is the second fuel source used in aerobic energy system)
Key Terms
Which cycle does the Acetyl CoA enter and what does it mean?
The Acetyl CoA enters the ‘Kreb’s Cycle’ where ATPs are produced from Fats
This kreb’s cycle is a series of chemical reactions used to release stored energy through the oxidation (combines with oxygen) of acetyl-CoA from fats, into energy in the form of ATP.
What are the Triglycerides?
Triglycerides are sometimes called Free Fatty Acids (FFAs)
Where the major storage form of fatty acids is located.
Which enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipids (fats)?
Lipids = Group of compounds including fats.
catalyzes (causes a reaction), hydrolysis (chemical breakdown using water)
Lipase
Where does the kreb’s cycle take place?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
Mitochondria = provides energy to muscle fibres using oxygen
Matrix = fluid inside mitochondrian where ETC is located
What does Acetyl CoA combine with and what does this make?
Acetyl CoA combines with Oxaloacetic to make Citric Acid.
How many ATPs does the kreb’s cycle produce?
2 Molecules of ATP
What are the by-products of the kreb’s cycle?
CO2 and Hydrogen (H)
What is the Hydrogen (H) carried by and what is the combined compound called?
(NAD) Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Hydrogen (H) is carried by NAD and combined becomes NADH
Where is the NADH carried to?
The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Where does ETC take place?
ETC takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria
Cristae = the folds of the mitochodria where ETC is located
Mitochondria = ‘powerhouse’ provdes energy to musble fibres using oxygen
What happens to the Hydrogen in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
The Hydrogen splits into Ions and Electrons. The Electrons are the passed down the chain by carrier molecules (NAD and FAD) .
The Ions are oxidised (combined with oxygen) creating by-produce H2O
How many ATPS are produced and released?
34 Molecules of ATP
What are the by-products of ETC?
H2O and CO2
What is the total yield of ATP from aerobic energy systems?
38 Molecules of ATP
What are the advantages of the aerobic energy system?
1.It’s very efficient at producing energy (38 total ATP)
2.High energy production (almost limitless) - great for endurance sports
3.No fatiguing by-products
4.Uses fats as an energy source, so does not deplete glycogen stores too soon, which means muscles contract for longer
Using glycogen stores fatigues muscle faster than using fat stores
