Aerodynamics

Question 1

The four forces acting on an airplane in flight are

Answer 1

lift, weight, thrust, drag

Question 2

When are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?

Answer 2

During unaccelerated flight.

Question 3

What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight-and-level flight?

Answer 3

Lift=weight and Thrust=drag

Question 4

Which statement relates to Bernoulli’s principle?

Answer 4

Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.

Question 5

Angle between chord line of the wing and relative wind is

Answer 5

angle of attack

Question 6

As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will

Answer 6

remain the same regardless of altitude.

Question 7

The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will

Answer 7

remain the same regardless of gross weight.

Question 8

In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin?

Answer 8

Stalled.

Question 9

During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?

Answer 9

Both wings are stalled.

Question 10

How will frost on the wings of an airplane affect takeoff performance?

Answer 10

Frost will disrupt the smooth flow of air over the wing, adversely affecting its lifting capability.

Question 11

Why is frost considered hazardous to flight?

Answer 11

Frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings, thereby decreasing lifting capability.

Question 12

How does frost affect the lifting surfaces of an airplane on takeoff?

Answer 12

Frost may prevent the airplane from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed.

Question 13

One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to

Answer 13

increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed.

Question 14

What is one purpose of wing flaps?

Answer 14

To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed.

Question 15

An airplane said to be inherently stable will

Answer 15

require less effort to control.

Question 16

What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?

Answer 16

The location of the center of gravity with respect to the center of lift.

Question 17

Loading an airplane to the most aft center of gravity will cause the airplane to be

Answer 17

less stable at all speeds.

Question 18

What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?

Answer 18

The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced.

Question 19

An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the center of gravity is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be

Answer 19

difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition.

Question 20

Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the aircraft’s

Answer 20

aerodynamic balance and controllability.

Question 21

What force makes an airplane turn?

Answer 21

The horizontal component of lift.

Question 22

The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the

Answer 22

speed of the airplane.

Question 23

Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?

Answer 23

Turns.

Question 24

During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to

Answer 24

stall at a higher airspeed.

Question 25

How to figure load factor. How to figure total load.

Answer 25

Bank angle compared to G's Chart Weight x load factor = total load

Question 26

In what flight condition is torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane?

Answer 26

Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack.

Question 27

The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of the

Answer 27

propeller blade descending on the right producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left.

Question 28

When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left?

Answer 28

When at high angles of attack.

Question 29

The angle of attack for a propeller is defined as

Answer 29

The angle between the propeller chord line and the relative wind.

Question 30

VLE

Answer 30

Maximum landing gear extended speed

Question 31

VA

Answer 31

Maneuvering speed

Question 32

VFE

Answer 32

Maximum flap extended speed

Question 33

VLO

Answer 33

Maximum landing gear operating speed

Question 34

VMC

Answer 34

Minimum control speed

Question 35

VNE

Answer 35

Never exceed speed

Question 36

VNO

Answer 36

Normal operating speed

Question 37

VR

Answer 37

Rotation speed

Question 38

VS

Answer 38

Stall speed with clean configuration

Question 39

VSO

Answer 39

Stall speed with landing configuration

Question 40

VX

Answer 40

Best angle of climb. most altitude in shortest distance

Question 41

VY

Answer 41

Best rate of climb. most altitude in shortest time

Question 42

VG

Answer 42

Best glide speed

Question 43

What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators?

Answer 43

Maneuvering Speed (VA)

Question 44

Upon encountering severe turbulence, which flight condition should the pilot attempt to maintain?

Answer 44

Level Flight attitude.

Question 45

Which V-speed represents best-angle-of-climb speed?

Answer 45

VX

Question 46

The speed at which a single flight control can be moved, one time, to its full defection without risk of damage to the aircraft is

Answer 46

maneuvering speed.

Question 47

White ARC

Answer 47

Flap operating range.

Question 48

Lower limit of white ARC

Answer 48

Power-off stalling speed with flaps and landing gear in the landing position. (VSO)

Question 49

Top of white ARC

Answer 49

Maximum flap extended speed (VFE)

Question 50

Green ARC

Answer 50

Normal operating range.

Question 51

Lower limit of green ARC

Answer 51

Power-off stalling speed specified configuration

Question 52

Top of green ARC

Answer 52

Maximum structural cruising speed (VNO)

Question 53

Yellow ARC

Answer 53

Caution range

Question 54

Red radial line

Answer 54

Never exceed speed (VNE) | max speed the airplane can be operated in smooth air.

Question 55

Greatest vortex strength

Answer 55

Heavy, clean, and slow.

Question 56

Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is

Answer 56

developing lift.

Question 57

Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to

Answer 57

sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.

Question 58

When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to

Answer 58

sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence.

Question 59

the condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a

Answer 59

light, quartering tailwind.

Question 60

When landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying

Answer 60

above the large aircraft's final approach path and landing beyond the large aircraft's touchdown point.

Question 61

When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft

Answer 61

above and upwind from the heavy aircraft.

Question 62

When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance?

Answer 62

Stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown.

Question 63

How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?

Answer 63

Outward, upward, and around each tip.

Question 64

What is ground effect?

Answer 64

The result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with airflow patterns about an airplane.

Question 65

Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at

Answer 65

less than the length of the wingspan above the surface.

Question 66

What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?

Answer 66

Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating.

Question 67

Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem?

Answer 67

becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed.