Affective Disorders

Question 1

what is a mood disorder?

Answer 1

disorders of mental status and function where altered mood is core feature

Question 2

what would suggest that the depression has become a mood disorder rather than an emotion?

Answer 2

> impairment of function
specific symptoms and signs
persuasiveness of symptoms
persistence of symptoms

Question 3

name some mood changes in depression

Answer 3

> low mood
anxiety
perplexity
anhedonia

Question 4

how does depression affect thought content?

Answer 4

> worthlessness
> guilt
> hopelessness
> neurotic symptomology (panic attacks)
> ideas of reference (normal events with negative associations with you)
> delusions and hallucinations

Question 5

what physical changes occur in depression?

Answer 5

> loss of appetite
> loss of libido
> pain
> constipation
> lack of energy
> insomnia
> agitation
> retarded motor function

Question 6

what social affects does depression have?

Answer 6

> loss interest
> irritability
> apathy
> withdrawal
> loss of concentration 
> loss of confidence

Question 7

what is the ICD-10 classification of depression?

Answer 7

> no hypermanic episodes in life
2 weeks
not attributed to psychoactive substances
exclude psychotic illness if psychotic symptoms are present

Question 8

what is the ICD-10 classification of somatic syndrome?

Answer 8

> loss of interest in activities
> lack of emotion
> waking 2 hours before normal
> loss of weight/appetite/libido
> depression worse in the morning

Question 9

what is the ICD-10 classification of mild depression?

Answer 9

at least 2 of:
> abnormal depressed mood almost every day for 2 weeks
> loss of pleasure
> decreased energy

at least 4 of 
> appetite change
> recurrent suicidal thoughts
> decreased concentration
> guilt
> loss of confidence
> agitation
> sleep disturbance

Question 10

what is the ICD-10 classification of moderate depression?

Answer 10

at least 2 of:
> abnormal depressed mood almost every day for 2 weeks
> loss of pleasure
> decreased energy

at least 6 of 
> appetite change
> recurrent suicidal thoughts
> decreased concentration
> guilt
> loss of confidence
> agitation
> sleep disturbance

Question 11

what is the ICD-10 definition of severe depression?

Answer 11

all of:
> abnormal depressed mood almost every day for 2 weeks
> loss of pleasure
> decreased energy

at least 8 of 
> appetite change
> recurrent suicidal thoughts
> decreased concentration
> guilt
> loss of confidence
> agitation
> sleep disturbance

Question 12

true or false

there is an increase in psychiatric admission in the first 30 days after giving birth

Answer 12

true

Question 13

what is the differential diagnosis of depression?

Answer 13

> normal reaction to life event
> dysthymia
> cyclothymia
> bipolar
> stroke
> tumour
> hypothyroidism
> drugs

Question 14

name 3 classes of antidepressants

Answer 14

> selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
tricyclic antidepressants
monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Question 15

what physical treatment exists for depression?

Answer 15

> ECT
deep brain stimulation
psychosurgery

Question 16

what psychological treatment exists for depression?

Answer 16

> cognitive behavioural therapy
interpersonal therapy
family therapy

Question 17

what measurement tools exist for assessing depression?

Answer 17

> structural clinical interview for DSM disorders

> schedules for clinical assessment in neurosurgery

Question 18

what is mania?

Answer 18

pathological inappropriate elevated mood similar to the effects of mentally stimulating drugs

Question 19

what is the ICD-10 classification of hypomania?

Answer 19

> no psychosis
> mild elevation of mood for several days
> increased:
- activity
-talkativeness
- energy
- overfamiliarity
- sociability
> irritable
> decreased concentration
> new interests
> mild overspending
> does not cause severe disruption

Question 20

what is the ICD-10 classification of mania?

Answer 20

> can be psychosis
> 1 week
> severe enough to disrupt social and work life
> increased
- mood
- energy
-activity
> pressure of speech
> decreased need for sleep
> grandiosity
> disinhibition
> alteration of senses
> irritability

Question 21

give a psychiatric differential diagnosis for mania

Answer 21

> mixed affective state
> schizophrenia
> schizoaffective disorder
> ADHD
> cyclothymia
> drugs/alcohol

Question 22

give a medical differential diagnosis for mania

Answer 22

> hyperthyroidism
> cushings
> neurosyphilis
> epilepsy
> tumour
> AIDS
> MS
> stroke

Question 23

what treatment options are there for mania?

Answer 23

> lithium
ECT
antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone)
mood stabilisers (carbamazepine)

Question 24

what is bipolar disorder?

Answer 24

repeated 2+ episodes of depression, mania or hypomania

Question 25

true or false | bipolar disorder affects males more than females

Answer 25

false it affects both equally

Question 26

what is the mean age of onset of bipolar disorder?

Answer 26

21 years

Question 27

what age rage is there a risk for depression?

Answer 27

18-44 years

Question 28

what associations are there with depression?

Answer 28

> lower educational attainment > genetics > life events