Affiliation and Likeability Flashcards
(16 cards)
What did Larson find in his study of affiliative animals?
Paged teenagers and adults at random points during the day for a week
After each page, ppts wrote whether they were alone or with others
70% spent in the presence of others for teens and adults
What did Ainsworth say about attachment styles?
We are deeply affiliative creatures
- way we relate to others is core personality feature
Attachment theory = how we learn to trust caregivers shapes future relationships
What are the 3 attachment types?
Secure
- upset by abandonment, reassured on return
Avoidant
- ‘indifferent’ to presence, avoidant on return
Anxious (ambivalent)
- resistant on return, clingy on return
What is loneliness in context of affiliation?
Subjective discomfort when social relations lack some important feature
Someone in a large crowd is not alone, but may still feel lonely
What is aloneness in context of affiliation?
Objective state of being apart from other people
We’re somewhat more likely to feel lonely when alone, but not necessarily
What is loneliness in context of attachment?
Emotional loneliness is experienced when we lack an attachment figure
Social loneliness is experienced when we lack a sense of social integration
Loneliness is higher amongst younger people than older people (Perlman)
Explain Schachter’s study into affiliation
Context
- Dr Zilstein wishes to deliver electric shock to ppts
Experimental manipulation
- some ppts expected to receive very painful shock, others told shock would be mild
Dependent variable
- preference to be alone, with others or no preference
70% of people with a high fear preferred company of others
40% of people with low fear preferred company of others
What desires are associated with need to affiliate with others?
Emotional support
Attention/ recognition
Closeness/ intimacy
Social comparison/ info
People prefer to affiliate with others who have been through same situation
What is functional propinquity?
Likelihood of coming into contact with someone, as opposed to sheer physical distance from them.
Can be a physical proximity, kinship between people or similarity between things
Explain Berscheid’s study into anticipated functional propinquity
A dating game
- ppts watched videos of people who were or were not prospective dates
Prospective dates were liked more than non-prospective dates
People talk themselves into liking the target
What is significance of propinquity?
Proximity linked to similarity
Proximity increases familiarity
Explain Newcomb’s study into Similarity
University of Michigan students were randomly assigned to either a similar or dissimilar roommate
Similar roommates were more likely to end up friends/ like each other
What is significance of similarity?
Similarity is rewarding
- maintains our worldviews over time
We expect success with others who are similar to ourselves
Explain Byrne’s study into similarity
Ppts read attitude questionnaire of person with similar or dissimilar attitudes
Ppts liked respondents who reported similar attitudes to them more than they liked the respondents who had dissimilar attitudes
Explain Moreland + Beach’s study into familiarity
Female confederates attended class once, 5, 10 or 15 times
Students shown slides of confederate women and rated them
15>10>5>1 exposures increased liking
Shows that familiarity doesn’t always breed contempt
What is aloneliness?
Subjective discomfort from wanting alone time
Comes from shyness, but also liking of alone time
Doesn’t decrease positive but does increase negative emotion
