AFH 1 - Chapter 1 - Aviation History

Question 1

When did Britain’s Sir George Cayley create a glider with fixed wings, cambered airfoil and horizontal and vertical stablizers?

Answer 1

1853

Question 2

In the early 1900s, Orville and what early aviator conducted more than 1000 glides and achieved the first powered, sustained, controlled airplane flight, heralding the age of heavier-than-air aviation?

Answer 2

Wilbur Wright

Question 3

When what US President established an Aeronautical Division in the U.S. Army’s Signal Corps on 1 August 1907, the Wright Brothers offered the only flyable aircraft that met specifications for its first military airplane?

Answer 3

President Theodore Roosevelt

Question 4

Both what enlisted aviator and Lieutenant Rockwell lost their lives that day?

Answer 4

Frank Scott

Question 5

What enlisted aviator was the first enlisted person to die in an accident in a military aircraft?

Answer 5

Frank Scott

Question 6

When did Congress pass Public Law 99, which authorized an enlisted pilot training program?

Answer 6

1941

Question 7

After 10 years as an enlisted man, what enlisted aviator was commissioned during World War I and served the next 25 years as an officer?

Answer 7

Vernon L. Burge

Question 8

What enlisted aviator entered the U.S. Army on 25 Jun 1898?

Answer 8

Sergeant Ocker

Question 9

In June 1930, what Airman Exemplar flex approximately 900 miles from San Antonio, TX to Scott Field IL in an enclosed cockpit, earning him recognition as the “Father of Blind Flight.”

Answer 9

William Ocker

Question 10

In 1916, what individual ordered the 1st Aero Squadron to assist ground forces in protecting the border and apprehending Pancho Villa?

Answer 10

President Woodrow Wilson

Question 11

Commanded by what early commander, 11 pilots officers, 82 enlisted men and one civilian mechanic departed from San Antonio, TX with eight Curtiss JN-3 Jennies, 10 trucks and six motorcycles?

Answer 11

Captain Foulois

Question 12

Despite the 1st Aero Squadron’s successful reconnaissance flights and several dispatches, mountain weather, dust, extreme temperatures and the 5000-feet elevations of the Casa Grandes in Chihuahua, what country wreaked havoc with the aircraft?

Answer 12

Mexico

Question 13

In 1917, what early commander was named Chief of the Air Service for the American Expeditionary Force, moved to Washington, D.C. in 1927 to become Assistant Chief of the Air Service, and in 1931 was promoted to Major General as Chief of the Air Corps?

Answer 13

Brigadier General Foulois

Question 14

With 26 confirmed aerial victories, what aviator became know as America’s “Ace of Aces” and held the American record for victories until World War II?

Answer 14

Captain Edward V. Rickenbacker

Question 15

Who is considered to have received the most awards for valor, received the Distinguished Service Cross a record of eight times and in 1930, one of his Service Crosses was converted to the Medal of Honor?

Answer 15

Captain Rickenbacker

Question 16

As early as 1915, Americans flew in the European war, both with the French and the British-though it as the American-manned Lafayette Escadrille of what nation that earned the greatest and most enduring fame?

Answer 16

France

Question 17

When did Lafayette Escadrille transferred into the U.S. Army Air Service as the 103d Aero Squadron while the French formed the Escadrille Jeanne d’Arc?

Answer 17

1918

Question 18

What enlisted aviator is one of the very few enlisted Americans to fly in the war, and the first African-American military pilot?

Answer 18

Corporal Eugene Bullard

Question 19

When did President Wilson issue an Executive Order that transferred Army aviation control from the Signal Corps to the Secretary of War?

Answer 19

1918

Question 20

What war did vintage Curtiss JN-3 Jennies and Liberty DH-4 bombers remain in service until the 1930s, despite technological advances that had been made in airframe and engine design?

Answer 20

World War I

Question 21

Officials turned over two what war battleships for further testing, the USS New Jersey and the USS Virginia, to punctuate the values of airpower?

Answer 21

World War I

Question 22

In 1924, what Airman developed a 324-page report that predicted a future war with Japan, including the attack on Pearl Harbor?

Answer 22

William Mitchell

Question 23

Against established tactics, during the demonstration what Airman and the Martin-Curtiss NBS-1 pilot approached the USS New Jersey at 85 miles per hour at an altitude of 6900 feet, from about 15 degrees off the port beam?

Answer 23

Ulysses Nero

Question 24

What Airman disqualified Nero and his pilot from further competition for disobeying instructions, but he reconsidered when the rest of the crews failed to hit the USS Virginia unless they dropped down to 1500 feet?

Answer 24

General William “Billy” Mitchell

Question 25

When what war ended, Lieutenant Colonel George H. Holmes chose to revert back to his enlisted rank?

Answer 25

World War II

Question 26

What aviator was considered an aviation pioneer and articulate advocate of aerospace power?

Answer 26

General Ira C. Eaker

Question 27

What Army Reserve officer after graduating flight school, participated in the Pan-American Good Will Flight of 1926 and 1927, which is displayed at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force in Dayton, Ohio?

Answer 27

General Ira C. Eaker

Question 28

As a strong advocate for daylight strategic bombardment, during what significant operation, General Ira C. Eaker directed the daylight campaigns while the British conducted their night area bombing?

Answer 28

Operation Point Blank

Question 29

What was established with the recognition that technological advances in aircraft would eventually propel AirPower forward as a significant military force, beyond its early role of solely supporting troops?

Answer 29

General Headquarters Air Force

Question 30

What powers consisted of Germany, Japan and Italy?

Answer 30

Axis Powers

Question 31

When did Imperial Japan deal a devastating blow to the United States at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii by sinking or heavily damaging several military battleships in two waves of approximately 350 Japanese aircrafts?

Answer 31

1941

Question 32

Our military aircraft made prime targets for Japanese aviators as they continued their attack that same day by destroying an entire fleet refueling on the ground in the ________.

Answer 32

Philippines

Question 33

In what decade did Air Force manpower reach over two million?

Answer 33

1940s

Question 34

In 1948, which U.S. President signed Executive Order 9981 to abolish racial discrimination?

Answer 34

President Harry S. Truman

Question 35

In 1944, the first Tuskegee Airmen fought in which war?

Answer 35

World War II

Question 36

In 1970, what individual retired as the senior African-American officer in the U.S. Armed Forces?

Answer 36

Benjamin O. Davis

Question 37

What group was credited with destroying almost 300 enemy aircraft, but lost 14 pilots in combat?

Answer 37

American Volunteer Group

Question 38

In the book, Flying Tigers: what Airman and HIs American Volunteers, 1941-1942, the author, Daniel Ford, attributes the American Volunteer Group's success to morale and group esprit de corps?

Answer 38

Chennault

Question 39

Some commanders were reluctant to accept women into their units, but what individual lauded the women's contributions to the force for providing immeasurable efficiency, skill, spirit and determination?

Answer 39

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Question 40

During what war did Colonel Jacqueline Cochran organize efforts for 25 women to fly for Great Britain and she was the first woman to fly a bomber across the Atlantic Ocean?

Answer 40

World War II

Question 41

A pioneer in passenger care, what aviator successfully combined two careers to become the most decorated woman in our military history?

Answer 41

Captain Lillian K. Keil

Question 42

What individual later served in the U.S. Army Air Forces and treated wounded and frostbitten crewmen after bombing raids over Europe?

Answer 42

Captain Lillian K. Keil

Question 43

The 8th Air Force flew 3300 heavy bomber sorties, the 15th Air Force added 500 missions from ______, and the Royal Air Force Bomber Command flew 2750 night attacks aimed at German aircraft manufacturing plants?

Answer 43

Italy

Question 44

With the loss of over twenty percent of its forces, the Third Reich surrendered in May 1945 and what Airman declared a strategic air war victory against Germany?

Answer 44

General Carl A. "Tooey" Spaatz

Question 45

In conjunction with the British humanitarian mission referred to as Operation Mana, in May 1945, the U.S. Army Air Forces delivered four thousand tons of food to three million Dutch in the German-occupied Netherlands during _________.

Answer 45

Operation Chowhound

Question 46

When was Chief Paul W. Airey and his fellow crewmen were shot down on their 28th mission outside of Vienna, Austria?

Answer 46

1944

Question 47

During what war, Chief Paul w. Airey served as a radio repairman?

Answer 47

Korean War

Question 48

What individual was the only enlisted Airman to have a B-17 named in this honor?

Answer 48

Sator Sanchez

Question 49

The Japanese forces appeared invincible during the first six months of the conflict in ________.

Answer 49

World War II

Question 50

It was not until 1945 that the use of atomic energy was used as a nuclear weapon with the intention of putting an end to _________.

Answer 50

World War II

Question 51

When did following a successful atomic test of the first nuclear bomb, Trinity, the Allied Powers issue an ultimatum calling for the Japanese government to surrender or suffer "prompt and utter destruction?"

Answer 51

1945

Question 52

In 1946, what individual tasked the Research and Development Corporation to propose a preliminary design for an experimental world-circling spaceship-what would later be known as satellites?

Answer 52

General Curtis LeMay

Question 53

What was a cooperative effort to gather scientific data about the Earth for the period of 1 July 1957 to 31 December 1958?

Answer 53

IGY

Question 54

Ground-based system included the ballistic missile early warning system, space object surveillance, and the Air Force ______.

Answer 54

Satellite Control Network

Question 55

In 1960, what office was formed to take charge of highly classified reconnaissance satellites?

Answer 55

National Reconnaissance Office

Question 56

What U.S. president undertook several intiatives to help prevent a surprise nuclear attack against the United States, including establishing the classified Satellite Photo Reconnaissance Program, code named Corona?

Answer 56

President Eisenhower

Question 57

What two things about GPS have continued to multiply and its importance has increased significantly?

Answer 57

Commercial and civil applications

Question 58

When did the world received a wake-up call after China conducted its first successful direct-ascent anti-satelitte test by destroying one of its own satellites?

Answer 58

2007

Question 59

A1C Donald Farrell, a __________ old overly confident and fearless Lackland AFB accounting specialist from the Bronx, N.Y., volunteered to become America's first space traveler.

Answer 59

22-Year

Question 60

Sequestered inside the two-and-a-half ton, 2x3 foot steel low pressure chamber at Randolph AFB, what Airman made the seven-day simulated lunar voyage in a device dubbed "Terrella I" in February 1958?

Answer 60

Donald Farrell

Question 61

The what individual space expedition made international news and sparked America's fascination with space?

Answer 61

Donald Farrell

Question 62

Who relied on Air Force scientists to test and study the physiological effects of space travel on primates before American astronauts could be launched into orbit?

Answer 62

NASA

Question 63

During his visit to Brooks AFB on November 21, 1963, what US President delivered his famous "cap over the wall" speech on space exploration?

Answer 63

President John Kennedy

Question 64

What individual credited the contributions of Air Force medicine research that played an integral role in the development of NASA's manned space flight program?

Answer 64

President John F. Kennedy

Question 65

The French Aerostatic Corps' balloons accompanied the Armies of the French Revolution in 1794.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

Britain's Sir George Cayley created a glider with fixed wings, cambered airfoil and horizontal and vertical stabilizers in 1853.

Answer 66

True

Question 67

The Union Army Balloon Corps was disbanded in 1863.

Answer 67

True

Question 68

Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the first powered, sustained, controlled airplane flight in the early 1900s.

Answer 68

True

Question 69

The Wright Brothers offered the only flyable aircraft that met the specifications for the U.S. Army's first military airplane.

Answer 69

True

Question 70

The Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps was established on August 1, 1907.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

The Aeronautical Division had 11 aircraft and 39 enlisted mechanics by October 1912.

Answer 71

True

Question 72

Corporal Frank Scott was the first enlisted person to die in an accident in a military aircraft.

Answer 72

True

Question 73

Congress passed Public Law 99 in June 1941, authorizing an enlisted pilot training program.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

Vernon L. Burge is recognized as the first American enlisted pilot.

Answer 74

True

Question 75

Sergeant William C. Ocker developed the flight integrator, an instrument for blind flight.

Answer 75

True

Question 76

The Aviation Section, Signal Corps was established on May 20, 1918.

Answer 76

False

Question 77

The 1st Aero Squadron was ordered to assist ground forces in protecting the border and apprehending Pancho Villa during the Mexican Revolution.

Answer 77

True

Question 78

Captain Benjamin Foulois commanded the 1st Aero Squadron during the Pancho Villa Expedition.

Answer 78

True

Question 79

Benjamin D. Foulois played a major role in planning and implementing the aviation program during World War I.

Answer 79

True

Question 80

The French Aerostatic Corps' balloons accompanied the Armies of the French Revolution in _________.

Answer 80

1794

Question 81

Britain's Sir George Cayley created a glider with fixed wings, cambered airfoil and horizontal and vertical stabilizers in _______.

Answer 81

1853

Question 82

The Union Army Balloon Corps was disbanded in ________.

Answer 82

1863

Question 83

Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the first powered, sustained, controlled airplane flight in the early ________.

Answer 83

1900s

Question 84

The Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps was established on ___________.

Answer 84

1 August 1907

Question 85

Corporal Frank Scott was the first person to die in an accident in a military aircraft in _________.

Answer 85

1912

Question 86

Congress passed Public Law 99 in _______, authorizing an enlisted pilot training program.

Answer 86

June 1941

Question 87

Vernon L. Burge is recognized as the first African-American enlisted pilot in __________.

Answer 87

June 1912

Question 88

Sergeant William C. Ocker developed the flight integrator, an instrument for blind flight in __________.

Answer 88

April 1914

Question 89

The Aviation Section, Signal Corps was established on _________.

Answer 89

18 July 1914

Question 90

Captain Benjamin Foulois commanded the 1st Aero Squadron during ________.

Answer 90

Pancho Villa Expedition

Question 91

Benjamin D. Foulois played a major role in planning and implementing the aviation program during ___________.

Answer 91

World War I

Question 92

The Mexican Revolution took place from ________ to ________.

Answer 92

1910-1920

Question 93

President Woodrow Wilson ordered the 1st Aero Squadron to assist ground forces in protecting the border and apprehending Pancho Villa in _________.

Answer 93

1916

Question 94

Benjamin D. Foulois was names Chief of the Air Service for the American Expeditionary Force in ________.

Answer 94

1917