AFO

Question 1

5 prerequisites for safe, efficient walking

Answer 1

LE stable to support weight
foot clearance with swing
proper positioning of foot
control/motion for step length to be efficient
energy conservation

Question 2

3 examples of static AFO

Answer 2

1. solid AFO
2. ground reaction AFO
3. PTB AFO

Question 3

2 examples of dynamic AFO

Answer 3

1. posterior leaf

2. hinged-ankle (articulating) AFO

Question 4

UCBL

Answer 4

controls flexible calcaneal deformities (rearfoot valgus/varus)
controls transverse plane deformities of midtarsal joints (aBD and aDD)
restores/supports longitudinal arch

Question 5

SMO

Answer 5

addresses sagittal plane problems (toe walking) and improves control of subtalar varus/valgus

Question 6

functions of a static AFO

Answer 6

fixed ankle close to neutral
assist with swing clearance
preposition foot at IC
stability for ankle/knee

Question 7

what rockers does a static AFO compromise?

Answer 7

definitely the first 2 and to a less extent, the 3rd

Question 8

solid ankle AFO

Answer 8

maximum immobilization in all 3 planes; uses the 3 point system - 1 direct force with 2 counterforces

Question 9

to counteract the compromise of the 3 rockers:

Answer 9

modified cushioned heel, rocker bootom sole, and impaired rollover of forefoot in 3rd rocker

Question 10

Anterior Floor Reaction AFO

Answer 10

use GRF as primary source of sagittal plane stability for knee joint in stance

Question 11

what does the anterior floor reaction AFO rely on?

Answer 11

PF/knee extension couple where a fixed,s lightly PF ankle creates an extension moment at the knee

Question 12

what is the anterior floor reaction AFO used for?

Answer 12

patient with weak quads - decreases tibial translation (prevents anterior translation)

Question 13

PTB AFO

Answer 13

reduces axial loading of the distal limb during gait

Question 14

PTB AFO orientation

Answer 14

10 degrees of knee flexion

Question 15

PLS AFO is an example of what?

Answer 15

dynamic AFO

Question 16

PLS AFO

Answer 16

1. substitute for eccentric contraction of TA during loading response
2. allows DF at midstance
3. holds ankle at 90 during swing

Question 17

what is PLS AFO not effective for?

Answer 17

controlling ML foot position and not appropriate for patients with flexibile deformities of the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot

Question 18

DF Assist AFO

Answer 18

provides smooth transition from heel strike to foot flat at the end of the loading response
uses coil spring - resists PF at loading response and assists DF in swing phase

Question 19

Articulating AFO “must haves”

Answer 19

1. 5 degrees of DF

2. normal subtalar and midfoot arthrokinematics

Question 20

Articulating AFO

Answer 20

hinged AFO - progression through 1st rocker while controlling HE in midstance