Africa Flashcards

Question

Romeo Dallaire

Answer 1

Lieutenant-general whose requests as Force Commander for the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) for backup in Rwanda were denied due to the conflict in Yugoslavia.

Answer 2

The Rwandan post-genocide communal justice system

Answer 3

Armed militia armed by the Sudanese government Arab Nomadic Herders Paramilitary funded by Sudanese oil profits Advanced weaponry Supported by military aircraft Burned and looted villages Accused of ethnic cleansing of native Africans from Darfur region Hundreds of thousands became refugees Fled to Chad

Answer 4

The struggle began over the use of the land (herders vs. farmers) Desertification is causing arable land to shrink Government supported Arab groups (herders) Darfur is part of ongoing struggle between Arab Muslim government and native population Khartoum government has been accused of violence against native population since 1980s ``` SLA & JEM broke down into multiple factions fighting against the Janjaweed…and even each other. June 2011 Darfur Peace Agreement signed Death Toll: No one knows for sure Estimates range from 300,000-500,000 ```

Answer 5

Descendants of Dutch settlers Following World War II, South Africa achieved independence along with other British colonies. In 1948, white voters put the National Party in control of the South African government. The National Party represented the Afrikaners, descendants of the early Dutch settlers. Afrikaners made up a majority of South African whites (but only 12 percent of the total population). The National Party clearly stated its purpose in one of its publications: "The preservation of the pure race tradition of the [Afrikaner people] must be protected at all costs in all possible ways as a holy pledge entrusted to us by our ancestors as part of God's plan with our People." Over the next 40 years, the South African government, under the control of the Afrikaner National Party, pursued a policy of apartheid (uh PAR tide), which meant complete racial separation. As in the old American South, people of different races were required to use segregated train cars, buses, elevators, park benches, restrooms, restaurants, hotels, and a host of other public and private facilities. Interracial marriages and interracial sex were outlawed. Athletic teams were segregated and could not play against each other.

Answer 6

Language of the Afrikaners, derived from the Dutch Language

Answer 7

Remaining 10 percent were immigrants from India and mixed-race persons

Answer 8

Following World War II, South Africa achieved independence along with other British colonies. In 1948, white voters put the National Party in control of the South African government. The National Party represented the Afrikaners, descendants of the early Dutch settlers. Afrikaners made up a majority of South African whites (but only 12 percent of the total population). The National Party clearly stated its purpose in one of its publications: "The preservation of the pure race tradition of the [Afrikaner people] must be protected at all costs in all possible ways as a holy pledge entrusted to us by our ancestors as part of God's plan with our People." Over the next 40 years, the South African government, under the control of the Afrikaner National Party, pursued a policy of apartheid (uh PAR tide), which meant complete racial separation. As in the old American South, people of different races were required to use segregated train cars, buses, elevators, park benches, restrooms, restaurants, hotels, and a host of other public and private facilities. Interracial marriages and interracial sex were outlawed. Athletic teams were segregated and could not play against each other.

Answer 9

South African policy of complete racial separation

Answer 10

The black majority suffered greatly under apartheid. With jobs scarce, most blacks lived in poverty. Massive housing shortages pushed blacks into crowded slums. High disease rates, little health care, and poor nutrition resulted in a life expectancy among blacks of 55 years, compared to 68.5 years among whites. Perhaps most importantly, since black South Africans were denied the right to vote, they possessed no political power to peacefully try to change things.

Answer 11

Black community where the ANC organized a large protest over the inferior schooling of black children. Police fired into the crowd, killing 69 people.

Answer 12

In 1976, black school children in Soweto, a worker township outside of Johannesburg, began demonstrating against the required use of the Afrikaner language in their schools. When the protests grew, the government cracked down harshly, killing hundreds, including 134 people under the age of 18. Anti-apartheid boycotts, strikes, demonstrations (some violent), sabotage, and almost daily clashes with the police continued into the 1980s.

Answer 13

South African social rights activist and retired Anglican bishop who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid.

Answer 14

Leader of ANC, a lawyer, was arrested and jailed many times. In 1964, he and several other ANC leaders were convicted of sabotage and treason and sentenced to life in prison.

Answer 15

Became the president of South Africa in 1989. An attorney like Nelson Mandela, de Klerk realized that South Africa had to change. Although many whites still supported apartheid, de Klerk worked to dismantle it. In 1990, he released Nelson Mandela from prison and started negotiating with him and the ANC on the transfer of political power from the white minority to the black majority. The ANC, in turn, abandoned its support for armed revolution. The following year, de Klerk and Mandela reached an agreement. White-minority rule would end without bloodshed. South Africa would hold its first all-race elections. The parliament created by these elections would then have five years to write a new constitution for South Africa. Both de Klerk and Mandela were awarded the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for their achievement.

Answer 16

Government: LACK OF EDUCATION IN PLACE LACK OF CONDOM USAGE / DISTRIBUTION Suspicion of Western Medicine: HISTORICALLY POOR TREATMENT BY OUTSIDE POWERS-DISTRUST OF WESTERN MEDICINE Women: LITTLE SAY IN CONDOM USAGE AFRICAN CULTURE OFTEN PLACES MEN IN HIGHER STATUS THAN WOMEN ACCOUNT FOR 55% OF AFRICA’S HIV INFECTION TEENAGE GIRLS INFECTION RATE 5X HIGHER THAN TEENAGE BOYS Prostitution: MINING AND LOGGING MAJOR INDUSTRIES PROSTITUTION AT CAMPS ORPHANED GIRLS TURN TO PROSITUTION FOR SURVIVAL Silence: AFRICAN POLITICIANS DID NOT ADDRESS A.I.D.S. EARLY ENOUGH FELT THAT FOREIGN INVESTORS WOULD BE SCARED OFF AFRICANS REMAIN SILENT ABOUT BEING INFECTED VILLAGES OSTRACIZE MEMBERS WHO ARE INFECTED Brain Drain: MOST GRADUATES FROM AFRICAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS CHOOSE TO WORK ABROAD MORE MALAWIAN DOCTORS IN MANCHESTER, ENGLAND THAN IN MALAWI Drugs that Fight H.I.V. : EXPENSIVE DRUGS THAT HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED BY MAJOR DRUG COMPANIES NOT WILLING TO RELEASE PATENTS ON THE DRUGS TO SELL CHEAPLY IN AFRICA COSTS HAVE DROPPED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE LAST 15 YEARS (FROM $10,000 OF PER YEAR TO AROUND $400) Tribal Beliefs: IN SOME RARE CASES, THE TRADITIONAL CURE FOR SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES WAS TO HAVE SEX WITH A VIRGIN CAN LEAD TO RAPE, FURTHER HIV INFECTION A.I.D.S. IS SOMETIMES SEEN AS GOD’S PUNISHMENT FOR PROMISCUITY CAUSES PEOPLE WITH SYMPTOMS TO REMAIN SILENT

Africa Flashcards

(40 cards)