Africa

Question 1

When and how did the British occupation of Egypt begin?

Answer 1

In 1882 with the Anglo-French bombardment of Alexandria

Question 2

When was the Berlin Conference and what was decided?

Answer 2

1884- that Belgium was given the Congo

Question 3

When was the Royal Charter given for Nigeria, and when did the government buy it out

Answer 3

Given in 1886. Bought out in 1900

Question 4

When was the Imperial British East Africa Company founded?

Answer 4

1888 to administer and develop Uganda and Kenya

Question 5

When was the German expedition to Uganda?

Answer 5

1900

Question 6

Where was the Hut Tax put in place, how much was it, and why?

Answer 6

Uganda
3 rupees
To turn the natives into a cash system so they would become consumers

Question 7

What was the Battle of Omdurman and when was it?

Answer 7

1898- it was the decisive battle in Lord Kitchener’s Sudan campaign

Question 8

How many died and were injured in Omdurman?

Answer 8

11,000 killed, 16,000 wounded- more than any other conflict between European powers and natives

Question 9

What was the Fashoda incident and when was it?

Answer 9

1897- A French expedition to Sudan led by Marchand was met by Kitchener in Khartoum and was forced to leave leading to a huge embarrassment for the French. This threat was a large reason why Britain invaded Sudan

Question 10

When did General Gordon die?

Answer 10

1885, almost 10 years before Kitchener’s invasion

Question 11

When was the 1st Boer War?

Answer 11

1880-81

Question 12

What was the decisive Boer victory in the 1st war?

Answer 12

Majuba Hill

Question 13

By how much does the Suez Canal cut the trip to India?

Answer 13

6,000 miles

Question 14

When + what was the Jameson Raid and who was involved?

Answer 14

In 1895 the British government and Cecil Rhodes attempted to incite an Uitlander rebellion in the Transvaal, however this did not happen and Britain was forced to withdraw and received international condemnation

Question 15

When was the 2nd Boer War?

Answer 15

1899-1902

Question 16

What were the international consequences of the 2nd Boer War?

Answer 16

Embarrassment as the war had taken so much more effort than expected, leading Britain to sign a number of treaties with Russia, France, Japan and the USA, but not Germany who refused, as Britain had proved to be a weaker power than expected in the war. South Africa was also allowed self government in 1906

Question 17

What were the domestic consequences of the 2nd Boer War?

Answer 17

National efficiency- efforts to improve the health of Britain as this was believed to have hindered the war effort

Question 18

Of Manchester’s 11,000 volunteers how many were rejected for poor health?

Answer 18

8,000

Question 19

What was the staple good in Nigeria?

Answer 19

Palm oil

Question 20

Why is anything to protect India economic?

Answer 20

It was worth more than any colony as it had huge amounts of tea, spices, indigo and opium and brought in huge profits for those involved. It was also a huge export market for weapon and cotton industries

Question 21

Which colonies demonstrate imperial rivalry?

Answer 21

Uganda, the Great Game, Boer Wars

Question 22

Which colonies demonstrate strategic concerns?

Answer 22

Sudan, Egypt

Question 23

Which colonies demonstrate economic interests?

Answer 23

India, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, (Uganda)

Question 24

How has a civilising mission been demonstrated?

Answer 24

Missionaries in Africa + India
Banning slave trade
Chamberlain seemed to genuinely want to improve the lives of natives although he did say “you cannot have omelettes without breaking eggs”
Banned sati in India

Question 25

Why was there not a civilising mission?

Answer 25

In Nigeria they were sjamboked if they didn’t work hard enough and were given mustard and water if they said they were ill to make them throw up
Early explorers said black people were good as ‘cheap labour and slaves’ despite slavery being outlaw
Reaction to the Indian Mutiny
Invasion of Tibet

Question 26

Who were the drivers of expansion in South Africa?

Answer 26

Rhodes- economic concerns + special imperial vision
Milner- stirred the pot with the Transvaal because he expected them to just submit to the Empire
Chamberlain- suspicious of Germany + wanted to protect Delagoa Bay

Question 27

How much had Britain invested in gold mining in South Africa?

Answer 27

Half of the £74 million invested in gold mining in the Transvaal was British + Britain wanted to boost Britain’s already low gold reserves

Question 28

Which colony was Britains biggest export market?

Answer 28

South Africa

Question 29

What percent of Egyptian imports were British?

Answer 29

40%

Question 30

How much did Britain’s shares in the Suez Canal cost?

Answer 30

£4 million

Question 31

What principle was established at the Berlin Conference?

Answer 31

Effective occupation- Britain couldn’t just claim a territory while having no one there

Question 32

What were the benefits of indirect rule?

Answer 32

Cheaper
Works with effective occupation
More subtle

Question 33

What is evidence of Rhode’s special imperial vision?

Answer 33

Became PM of Cape Colony
Introduced education reforms- white mans burden
“Capitalist for the Empire”
“The Empire is philanthropy plus 5%”