Africa - Policy and Administration

Question 1

Which African colonies were under ‘indirect’ British rule?

Answer 1

• Uganda
• Nyasaland
• Northern Rhodesia
• Mandates: Togoland, Cameroon, Tanganyika, SW Africa

Question 2

Which African colonies under direct British rule, sometimes via white settler population?

Answer 2

• Southern Rhodeisa
• Kenya
• Union of South Africa

Question 3

What and when was the Devonshire Declaration?

Answer 3

• 1923 in Kenya
• Trusteeship: African interests paramount
• Amery twisted this into white dominance
• Quells Kenyan voices so helps keep British grip

Question 4

What did trusteeship actually look like?

Answer 4

• Power given to 20-30,000 white settlers who dominated Leg. Council and used their influence to exclude Indian settlers and Kikuyus
• East-Central Africa Scheme: exploit mineral/agricultural resources
• Amery’s white settler agents were hungry for good land and cheap labour

Question 5

What were the consequences of trusteeship in Kenya?

Answer 5

• White settlers squeezed out Kikuyu by heavily taxing and banning them from growing tea, coffee etc.
• First stirrings of African nationalism in Kikuyu
• White settlers ultimately implement their racist views

Question 6

Aim of British colonial policy in indirect African colonies?

Answer 6

• Promote economic and social development to increase Empire’s value and improve living conditions

Question 7

How did the British implement policy in indirect African colonies?

Answer 7

• Invested in schools and education facilities in West Africa
• 1929 Colonial Development Act gave £1m over 3 years for development projects across Empire including African colonies; not enough as seen by strikes

Question 8

Numbers to show British social policy failing

Answer 8

By 1938…

• 1300 hospital beds for 3m Africans in Uganda
• Under 5% of children in Nigeria went to school
• 10-15% of Kenyan children “”