afro final Great Depression - Obama Flashcards
(45 cards)
Freedom Rides
1961 (CORE)
was seen as political protest to end segregation, especially on buses
drove through southern towns
influenced Morgan v VA & Boynton v VA which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional
Emmitt Till
1955
murdered by a group of white men, offended Carolyn Bryant, tortured and thew body in river, police wanted to bury without proper investigation but Mamie insisted otherwise
freedom schools
INCOMPLETE
SNCC
student nonviolent coordinating committee, 1960
emerged from sit-ins activism
study groups, planning, political education, debates, workshops
Bombingham
1947-1965 nickname for Birmingham AL, so many blk homes were burned and churches were burned down
Kwame Ture
AKA Stokely Carmichael
ADD BIO
Shirley Chisholm
first Black woman to run for pres
first Black woman elected to congress (1968)
John Lewis
chariman of SNCC, led 600 person civil rights demonstration after shooting Jimmy Lee Jackson in Selma, arrested >40 in civil rights movement, “get into good trouble”, inspired by MLK and Rosa Parks
Atkins High School
Nov 1951—walkout
Caroline lost her red pocket book plz come get it –> 700 students walked out and marched to demand better facilities and resources
Brown V Board of Ed in Topeka
Landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional in 1954
HARYOU
HARYOU’s funding came first from the New York City government, then from Pres Kennedy’s Committee on Juvenile Delinquency, and later from the War on Poverty’s Community Action Program
HARYOU proposed to study and to intervene in Harlem’s neighborhoods to improve the lives of the youth. The neighborhood became the geographic center of a national informal economy in the late 1950s and early 1960s: the heroin trade
HARYOU (and HARYOU-ACT, as the entity was called after 1965) created an educational space that developed young people as agents in the advancement of their communities.
Mamie Till
Emmitt Till’s mother, she was a school teacher. She didn’t give up on bringing Emmit back to Chicago to be buried even if it meant breaking the law. She held an open casket to show the world how Emmitt was mutilated.
brave through pain
remedial education
special ed, who is teacher or what is curriculum, tailor made education: was it a way to catch up or enforce educational divide among Black vs white students?? importance of Paraprofessional, cultural translators. Everyday kids in Harlem were given a chance to gain knowledge bc these paras were Black & Latinx women
filling the jails
1960s
Filling up the jails, so they couldn’t arrest anymore people. A method of resistance. Taking the power and fear of the large state apparatus, overwhelming the state’s capacity.
prison industrial complex
Business and things that support the prison system outside the carcel state
James Chaney
civil rights worker killed by KKK in 1964
He is important because he showed that white people were also hurt protesting, the extent that America would go to protect racial inequality.
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
Washington Dc 1963
The purpose of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered this iconic ‘I Have a Dream’ speech.
connected to local organizing that had gone on for decades in NAACP youth councils, churches, unions, women’s groups, and more. It was not individuals who chartered buses from all over the country — it was organizations,
A. Philip Randolph conceptualized this march over 20 years prior
Diane Nash
student at fisk university, freedom fighter, example of love used to confront racial violence, Diane Nash talks about the evolution of sit ins and what they meant to her, led students to Nashvilles first sit in, She became one of the founding members of tr SNCC in 1961. This group was important throughout the Civil Rights Movement. She was also on the front lines as a Freedom Rider.
Merritt Community College (Oakland, CA)
1966
site of the beginning of the BPP
Bobby Seale and Huey Newton went to college and started BPP here
The Black Student Movement
1960s-1970sCollege student activism: black college students engaging in the demands for civil rights and black power, Black college students demanding that the university itself be a sight for transformation, least to loose could be the most dedicated, freedom rides, freedom schools, voting registration campaigns, sit ins, engaging in the strategy of filling the jails, SNCC, Diane Nash, the 3 killed etc
Greensboro NC
site of 1960s sit in
young African American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service. The sit-in movement soon spread to college towns throughout the South. Important because it was student led, nonviolent, challenged racial norms. within a week 1400 students were doing it across the country
Bennett Belles
during the Greensboro sit-ins they served as lookouts, they made picket signs and participated as “marchers, and canvassers.” The students also planned and organized strategy meetings. They are part of the unsung heroes in the CRM, part of SNCC,
Cornell Student Takeover
1969
group of students took over Straight Hall and started an armed revolt to takeover the building
Part of the larger era of student led protests also brought weapons on campus, these movement impacted students everywhere to show that Black students everywhere were protesting.
buffalo student athlete strike
1970 Black/puerto rican student athlete go on strike, demands: fire the coach, scholarships, in response the university call the local police/tactical unit, this upsets students cuz universities are usually a sanctuary from police, next 5 days become unrest because of the police presence, bunch of faculty and students arrested, this leads to the start of campus policing, consequences faced: violence, expulsion, suspension,
