After the Persian Wars

Question 1

Delian League

Answer 1

• Naval league open to all cities with a harbour
• Meant to contain the Persians and pay them back for the war
• Allies pain tribute to Athens
• Initially voluntary, but then Athens adopted a policy of “join or be destroyed.”

Question 2

Cleruchy

Answer 2

• Dependent colonies created to solve internal conflict
• Different from Apoikia bc people kept Athenian citizenship
• Gave poor citizens land
• Functioned as a prison for rebels

Question 3

Athens Use of Delian League Funds

Answer 3

• Rebuild city infrastructure
• Build the Parthenon

Question 4

Helot Revolt

Answer 4

• Due to a massive earthquake weakening Sparta
• Sparta asked for help from the Hellenic league (including Athens)
• Athens supports Sparta but remains peaceful and does not intervene

Question 5

Ephialtes

Answer 5

• Wanted to break with Sparta during the Helot revolt and begin a new form of democracy
• All male citizens participate
• No more granting citizenships to Metics
• Less power to the Areopagus, making it only a tribunal for religious matters
• Took over Athens and ostracized Cimon

Question 6

Age of Pericles

Answer 6

• Ekklesia met almost every day (1/8) of the population
• Judicial system improvements
• Liturgies
• Discouraged intermarriage between citizens and metics

Question 7

Pericles Judicial Reforms

Answer 7

• Improved tribunals
• Silon’s juror system was edited to that up to 1000 jurors were needed for a verdict
• Jurors were now paid a day’s wages from state funds

Question 8

Liturgy

Answer 8

• Aristocrats were losing control of the government, and Pericles wanted to fix this
• Created liturgies to bring honour to aristocrats
• Aristocrats would pay for public services and be publicly honoured in return

Question 8

The Parthenon

Answer 8

• Storage place for Delian League tributes
• Statue of Athena made of ivory and gold, which was later melted down as an emergency fund

Question 9

Theater in Classical Athens

Answer 9

• Tragedies with mythological themes that sought to understand the human experience
• Competitive
• Catharsis: “purification” which helps you understand your own emotions and experiences during the tumultuous times
• Comedy aimed at political parody making fun of contemporary figures which is why they are less preformed toay

Question 9

Pentacontaetia

Answer 9

• 50 years of peace between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars

Question 9

Phases of the Peloponnesian Wars

Answer 9

• Archidamian war
• Peace of Nicias
• In between period and Sicilian expedition
• Ionian war

Question 10

Archidamian War

Answer 10

• 431-421
• King Archidamos of Sparta
• Seasonal invasion and burning of Attica
• Athenians not fighting directly
• Pericles brought all citizens inside the walls, causing a plague to spread
• Rural Attica destroyed
• Generals of Athens and Sparta both die and compromise is reached

Question 11

Peace of Nicias

Answer 11

• 421-413
• Overlaps with the In-Between period

Question 12

In between Period

Answer 12

• Sicily needs help against Syracuse
• Sicily faked displays of wealth to convince weakened Athens to go to war
• All of the Hermae in Athens were mutilated, a bad omen for the journey
• 7000 Athenians captured and kept in quarries for 3 months until they died or were sold

Question 13

Ionian War

Answer 13

• 413-404
• Economic crisis in Athens leading to the use of their reserve fund
• Cuts to administration
• Sparta allies with Persia to solve its own financial crisis
• Persians provide resources, not soldiers
• Athenians abandon democracy for a council of 400
• Democrats exiled to Samos, returned eventually to reinstate mixed democracy/oligarchy

Question 14

Athenian Surrender

Answer 14

• 405/4
• Terms included destruction of city walls, surrender of their fleet, and government control by Sparta