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Ageing - General Flashcards

(17 cards)

1
Q

what is delirium?

A

change in attention and cognition
develops over a short period of time (acute)
is fluctuating

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2
Q

risk factors for delirium?

A
age
dementia
co morbidities
malnutrition
polypharmacy
sensory impairment
DM
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3
Q

features of HYPER active delirium?

A
agitated
restless
fluctuating emotioms
illusions
hallucinations
delusions
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4
Q

features of HYPO active delirium?

A

sleepy

slow

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5
Q

what is the 4AT? what score indicates delirium?

A

Alertness
AMT4 (age, DOB, hospital, year)
Attention (months backwards)
Acute or fluctuating course

> 4 probable delirium

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6
Q

Ix for delirium?

A
FBC, U+Es, LFTs, CRP
blood culture
ABGs
B12, folate, thiamine
TFTs
urinalysis
ECG
imaging (if indicated)
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7
Q

causes of delirium?

A
infection
constipation/retention
BM
drugs
hypoxia
#
heart attack
dehydrated
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8
Q

Tx for delirium?

A
reverse cause
appropriate environment
hydrate
haloperidol 0.5mg 
(/lorazepam if alcohol/seizure/parkinsons)
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9
Q

risk factors for falls?

A
>4 medicines
Hx of fall
age
visual impairment
cognitive impairment
urinary incontinent
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10
Q

what are the red flags in a falls history?

A

incontinence
loss of consciousness
tongue biting

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11
Q

what exams should be done in a fall assessment?

A
CVS
CNS
MSK
DM
lying and standing BP
feet exam 
ECG
visual acuity
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12
Q

what should be done for falls prevention?

A

physio
OT
med rec
Vit D/bone protection

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13
Q

Ix for overflow incontinence?

A

bladder scan

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14
Q

Ix for urge incontinence?

A

PVR

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15
Q

Tx for overflow incontinence?

A
alpha blocker (doxasozin)
5-alpha reductase (finasteride)
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16
Q

Tx for urge incontinence?

A

bladder retraining

antimuscarinics (oxybutynin)

17
Q

side effects of anti muscarinics?

A
dry mouth
blurred vision
hot
bradycardia
urinary retention
constipation