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Y2 Foundations of Primary Care > Ageing well > Flashcards

Ageing well Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostatic reserve (the ability of an organism to stabilise its normal internal environment) is the same in the elderly as in early and middle adult life

A

FALSE

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2
Q

Disease always presents in the same way in the elderly as it does in younger adults

A

FALSE

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3
Q

Normal ranges e.g. peak flow rate, are affected by age

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Drug handling alters with age

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Treatable disease in the elderly is frequent ascribed to “normal ageing”

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Define Ageism

A

A process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people just because they are old.

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7
Q

Lifestyle changes in old age are not worthwhile as they produce no significant health benefit

A

FALSE

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8
Q

In 2000, the proportion of the world’s population over 60years was 11%. By 2050, it is expected to be:

A

22%

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9
Q

In the period 2000 to 2050, the number of people aged 80 and older will increase:

A

4-fold

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10
Q

By 2050 what % of older people will live in low-income and middle-income countries

A

80%

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11
Q

In the worlds poorest countries

A

Heart disease, stroke, chronic lung disease

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12
Q

Older people in low-income and middle-income countries carry a greater disease burden than those in the right world

A

True

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13
Q

By 2050, the number of older people who are no longer able to look after themselves is forecast to increase:

A

4-fold

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14
Q

Worldwide, most training for health professionals includes includes instruction about specific care for older people:

A

FALSE

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15
Q

Creating “age-friendly” physical and social environments does not improve the active participation and independence of older people

A

FALSE

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16
Q

A 63 year old patient who gives up smoking will decrease their risk of premature death by:

A

50%

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17
Q

More developed regions

A

UK USA Canada Australia Japan

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18
Q

Less developed regions

A

Iraq Thailand Jamaica Ukraine

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19
Q

Least developed countries

A

Nigeria Malawi Sudan Vietnam Pakistan

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20
Q

Describe the population pyramid

A

Increases the proportion of older persons (>60 years) are being accompanied by declines in the proportions of the young (<15 years)

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21
Q

Life expectancy at birth in Scotland

A
  1. 3 for male

79. 4 for female for those born around 2004

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22
Q

Implications of rising age population on health services

A

Increased numbers of of geriatricians and health professionals
Increased facilities for elderly health care
(The care of LTC moving from secondary to primary/community care)

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23
Q

Impact of increasing age population on social services

A
  • As population increases, they will be increasingly dependent on families and/or carers who are also ageing
  • The demand for home carers and nursing home places is likely to increase
  • Within local communities, there will be increasing emphasis on providing social activities for the elderly
  • Housing demands are likely to change as more elderly people live alone
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24
Q

The economic implications of an ageing population

A

Retirement/Pension age is already increasing.
Finding employment may become harder for young people, as older people being required to work for longer blocks the “top end” of the employment sector.

Proportionately less people will be paying into tax and pension funds, making it increasingly difficult to obtain an adequate return from pension funds.
Those elderly who have not contributed to a private pension fund may find that the state pension is inadequate, resulting in poverty.
Increasing cost of “free personal care for the elderly” policy (Scotland)

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25
Q

Political implication of ageing population

A

Current decision making and workforce planning must take account of the ageing population.

The increasing elderly population will potentially have the power to influence political decision making in relation to their specific concerns.

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26
Q

Dementia and Alzheimers disease are the leading cause of death for women in England

A

TRUE

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27
Q

Heart Disease is the leading cause of death for men in England

A

TRUE

28
Q

2016 life expectancy

A
  1. 5 for males

83. 1 years for females

29
Q

Number of years lived in poor health has increased . What are the statistics in 2013 to 2015

A
  1. 1 years for males

19. 0 years for females

30
Q

Examples of Third Sector Organisations helping patients live healthier and better life quality

A

Age Concern

31
Q

How many people in the UK are carers

A

6.5 million people

32
Q

How many carers will there be in 2037

A

9 million

33
Q

How many adults become carers every year

A

2.1 million

34
Q

3 in 5 people will be carers at some point in their lives: true or false

A

TRUE

35
Q

1.4 million people provide over 50 hours of unpaid care per week: true or false

A

TRUE

36
Q

What is the worth of care that goes unpaid

A

£119 billion per year

37
Q

What % of carers have a disability of their own

A

27%

38
Q

What is the main relationship between carers and people in care

A

Children looking after parents (40%)

39
Q

What is the second main relationship between carers and people being cared for

A

(26%) care for their spouse or partner

40
Q

What %of carers are caring for disabled children under 18

A

8% (5% look after adult children)

41
Q

What % of carers are caring for grandparents

A

4%

42
Q

What % of carers care for a friend or neighbour

A

9%

43
Q

What % of carers care for just 1 person

A

83%

44
Q

What % of carers care for two people

A

14%

45
Q

What % of carers care for at least 3 people

A

3%

46
Q

Half of working age carers live in a household where no-one is in paid work: true or false

A

TRUE

47
Q

The financial impact of caring

A

Almost 1 in 3 (30%) carers had seen a drop of £20,000 or more a year in their household income as a result of caring.
A third of carers had cut back on essentials like food and heating (32%)
45% of carers said their financial circumstances were affecting their health.
42% of carers have missed out on financial support as a result of not getting the right information and advice.

48
Q

Impact of caring on health and society

A

45% of carers said their financial circumstances were affecting their health.
Carers providing round the clock care are more than twice as likely to be in bad health than non-carers.
61% of carers said that they were worried about the impact of caring on their relationships with friends and family.
In 2014, half of carers (49%) said they feel society does not think about them at all

49
Q

Define Multimorbidity

A

The co-existence of two or more long -term conditions in an individual
It is the norm in primary care patients

50
Q

Inhaled corticosteroid is used to treat what disease?

A

COPD

51
Q

ACE inhibitor is used to treat what disease

A

Heart Failure

52
Q

Beta blocker is used to treat what

A

Heart failure

53
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitor is used treat what

A

Dementia

54
Q

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication is used to treat what

A

Trochanteric bursitis

55
Q

Complication of multi morbidity

A

The preferred treatment for one condition may worsen another

56
Q

What must be considered when treating Oedema/SOB

A

Renal Impairment

57
Q

Diuretics can cause…

A

Renal Impairment

58
Q

Stopping nephrotoxins can cause…

A

Oedema/SOB

59
Q

Options for care post hospital of a 73 yo with low mobility, dementia, worsening medical problems

A
  • Living in own home with support from family
  • Living in own home with support from social services
  • Sheltered Housing
  • Residential Home
  • Nursing Home Care
60
Q

What are anticipatory care plans?

A

“Advance an anticipatory care planning, as a philosophy, promote discussion in which individuals, their care providers and often those close to them, make decisions with respect to the future health or personal and practical aspects of care.

61
Q

ACP- When should it be done?

A

At any appropriate time in life

Continuously

62
Q

ACP-Who should do it?

A

Anyone with an appropriate relationship

63
Q

ACP-How should it be done?

A

Thinking ahead and planning

Carefully- written down

64
Q

ACP-How can it be shared?

A

KIS (Key Information Summary)

Other communication

65
Q

ACP-Legal

A

Welfare power of attorney
Financial power of attorney
Guardianship

66
Q

ACP- Personal

A

Statement of wishes regarding treatment/advance directive
Next of kin
Consent to pass on information to relevant others
Preferences and priorities regarding treatment
Who else to consult/inform
Preferred place of death
Religious and cultural beliefs re death
Current level of support e.g. family/carers

67
Q

ACP- Medical

A 
Potential problems
Home care package
Wishes re DNA CPR
Scottish Palliative Care Guidelines
Communication which has occurred with other professionals
Details of “just-in-case” medicines
Electronic care summary
Assessment of capacity/competence
Current aids and appliances (helps assess current functional level)

Y2 Foundations of Primary Care (4 decks)

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