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Agents And Their Effects Flashcards

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1
Q

Substances that cause wide anion gap

A

CAT MUD PILES

Cyanide, CO, Colchicine

Alcohol, Alc ketoacidosis, apap

Toulene

Methanol, Metformin

Uraemia

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Paraldehyde

INH, Iron

Lactic Acidosis

Ethylene glycol

Salicylates

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2
Q

Cholinergic or vagotonic agents that cause bradycardia or AV Block

A

DOP

Digtalis Glycosides
Organophosphates and carbamates
Physostigmine , neostigmine

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3
Q

Membrane Depressant Drugs that cause bradycardia or AV Block

A

QTEP

Propranolol
Encainide and Flecainide
Quinidine and other type la antiarythmics
TCA

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4
Q

Sympatholytics that cause bradycardia or AV block

A

CBO

Clonidine
Beta Blockers
Opioids

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5
Q

Misc drugs that cause bradycardia or av block

A

G-CLIP

Grayanotoxin (Mad Honey)
Calcium blocker, carbamazepine
Lithium
Ivabradine
Phenylpronaolamine and other alpha agonists

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6
Q

Toxins that cause QRS prolongation

A

Bupropion
Chloroquine and related agents
Cocaine (high dose)
Digitalis glycosides
Diphenhydramine (High Dose)
Encainide and Felcainide
Hyperkalemia
Lamotrigine
Phenothiazines
Propoxyphene
Propanolol
quinidine and other Ia anitarrythmics
TCA
Venlafaxine

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7
Q

Sympathomimetics that cause Tachycardia

A

Amphetamine and derivatives
Caffeine
Cocaine
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine
PCP
Theophylline

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8
Q

Anticholinergics that cause tachycardia

A

amanita muscaria mushrooms
Antihistamines
Atropine and other antichols
Phenothiazines
Plants
TCA

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9
Q

Other drugs that cause tachycardia

A

Ethanol, Sedative-hypnotics, or opioid withdrawl
Vasodilators
Thyroid hormone

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10
Q

Drugs that cause ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation

A

Aconitine
Amphetamines
Aromatic HCs/inhalants
Barium
Bupropion
Caffeine and theophylline
Chloral Hydrate
Chlorinated or fluorinated HC solvents
Cocaine
Digitalias
Fluoride/Hydrofluoric acid
Grayantoxin
Lamotrigine,
Phenothiazines
Theophylline
TCA

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11
Q

Drugs that can cause Torsades

A

Amiodarone
Arsenic
Bepridil
Cesium
Chloroquine
Chlorpromazine
Cipro, Clarithromycin, Cocaine
Disopyramide, Dofetilide, Donepezil, Droperidol
erythromycin, Escitalopram
Flecainide, Fluconazole
Haloperidol, Hydroxchloroquine
Ibutillide
Levofloxacin, loperamide
Metoclopramide, methadone, moxifloxacin
Ondansetron
Pentamidine, Pimozide, Propofol, Procainamide
Organophosphate insectcides
Quinidine
Sevoflurane
Sotalol
Thallium
Thioridazine

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12
Q

Sympatholytics that cause hypotension with relative bradycardia

A

Beta Blockers
Clonidine and Methyldopa
Opioids
Hypothermia
Opioids
Reserpine
Tetrahydrozoline and oxymetaxzoline

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13
Q

Membrane depressant drugs that cause hypotension

A

Bupropion
Encainide and flecainide
quininide, procainamide, disopyramide
propoxyphene
Proranolol
TCA

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14
Q

Misc drugs that cause hypotension

A

Barbiturates
Calcium Blockers
Cyanide
Fluoride
Hydrogen Sulfide
Organophosphates and carbamates
Sedative-hypnotics
Timicosin

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15
Q

Drugs that cause hypotension with tachycardia and fluid loss or third spacing

A

Amatoxin-containing mushrooms
Arsenic
Colchicine
Copper Sulfate
Corrosive/Caustic ingestion
Glyphosate/Surfactant herbicides
Hyperthermia
Iron
Paraquat/diquat
Rattlesnake envenomation
Sedative-hypnotics

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16
Q

Agents that cause hypotension through peripheral venous or arterial dilation

A

Alpha blockers
Beta agonists
Caffeine and theophylline
Calcium Blockers
Cyanide
Disulfiram
Ethanol
Hydralazine, hyperthermia
minoxidil
nitrites
Sodium Nitroprusside
Phosphides, Phenothiazines
Quetiapine
Scomrboid
TCA

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17
Q

Agents that cause hypertension with tachycardia

A

Amphetamines and derivatives
Cocaine
Epedrine and pseudoephedrine
Epinephrine
Levodopa, LSD
Marijuana
MAOI
Synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids

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18
Q

Agents that cause hypertension with bradycardia or AV block

A

Clonidine, Tetrahydrozoline, and oxymetazoline
Ergot derivatives
Methoxamine
Norepinephrine
Phenylephrine
Phenylpropanolamine

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19
Q

Anticholinergics that cause htn

A

Antihistamines
atropine and other antichols
TCA

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20
Q

Other agents that cause htn

A

Ethanol/sedative withdrawl
Nicotine (early stage)
Organophosphates (early stage)

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21
Q

Agents that cause Hypoxia Via Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

A

Beta Blockers
CCB
Stimulant Cardiomyopathy
Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide
TCAs

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22
Q

Drugs that cause paralysis of ventilatory muscles

A

Botulism toxin
Neuromuscular blockers
Nicotine
Organophosphates and carbamates
Saxitoxin
Seizures
Snakebite
Strychnine and tetanus
Tetrodotoxin
Warfare nerve gases

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23
Q

Drugs/toxins that cause depression of central respiratory drive

A

Antihistamines
Barbiturates
Clonidine and sympatholytics
Ethanol and alcohols
GHb
Opioids
Phenothiazines and other antipsychotics
Sedatives hypnotics
Skeletal muscle relaxers
TCAs

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24
Q

Inert gases that cause Hypoxia

A

Carbon dioxide
Methane and Propane
Nitroge

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25
Agents that cause Cellular Hypoxia
CO Cyanide Hydrogen Sulfide Methemoglobinemia Sulfhemoglobinemia
26
Agents that cause Hypoxia via Pneumonia or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
Aspiration of gastric contents Aspiration of hydrocarbons Chlorine and other irritant gases Cocaine E-cigs/vaping Ethylene glycol Hydrogen Sulfide Mercury Vapor Metal Fumes Nitrogen dioxide Opioids Paraquat Phosgene Salicylates Sedative-hypnotic drugs Smoke Inhalation
27
General CNS Depressants that cause COMA or stupor
Anticholingerics, Antihistamines, Antipsych Baclofen, Barbiturates, Benzos Carbamazepine Ethanol and other alchols GHB Opioids Sedative-Hypnotics TCA and other antidep Valproic ACid
28
Sympatholytics that cause COMA or Stupor
Clonidine, Tetrahydrozoline, and Oxymetazoline Methyldopa
29
Misc drugs that cause coma or stupor
APAP (Massive Ing) Bromide Diquat, Disulfiram Hypoglycemia Ifosfamide Lead, Lithium NSAIDs Phencyclidine Salicylates
30
Agents that cause hypothermia
Barbiturates Ethanol and other alchs Hypoglycemic agents Opioids Phenothiazines Sedative-Hypnotics TCAs Vasodilators
31
Agents that cause hyperthermia through excessive muscular hyperactivity, rigidity or seizures
Amoxapine Amphetamines and derivatives (inc MDMA) Cathinones (Bath salts) Cocaine Lithium LSD Maprotiline MAO-I PCP TCA's
32
Drugs that cause hyperthermia by increasing metabolic rate
Dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol Salicylates Thyroid Hormone/Thyrotoxicosis
33
Drugs that cause hyperthermia by impaired heat dissipation or disrupted thermoregulation
Amoxapine Anticholinergics Antihistamines Phenothiazines and other antipsychs TCA
34
Misc Agents that cause hyperthermia
Exertional Heatstroke Malignant Hyperthermia Metal Fume fever NMS Serotonin Syndrome Withdrawl from Carbidopa/Levodopa or bromocrimptine Withdrawl from Baclofen, ethanol, or sedative-hypnotics
35
Adrenergic-Sympathomimetic agents that cause seizures
Amphetamines and derivatives (MDMA) Caffeine and theophylline Cocaine, cannabinoids Ephedrine PCP, Phenylproanolamine Synthetic Cathinones
36
Anti-depressants and antipsychs that cause seizures
Amoxapine Bupropion Haloperidol and Droperidol Loxapine, Clozapine, Olanzapine Phenothiazines SNRIs TCA Venlafaxine
37
Misc agents that cause seizures
4-aminopyridine Antihistamines Boric Acid Camphor, Carbamazepine, Cellular Hypoxia, Chlorinated HCs, Cholinergics, Cicutoxin, Citrate, Cyanide DEET Ergot Alkaloids, Ethylene Glycol Fipronil, Fluoride, Foscamet GHB Ifosfamide, INH Lamotrigine, Lead, lidocaine, Lithium Mefenamic Acid, Meperidine, Metaldehyde, Methanol, Methyl Bromide Organochlorines Phenols, Phenylbutazone, Piroxicam, Propranolol Salicylates, Strychnine Tetramine, Tiagabine, Tramadol Withdrawl from ethanol or sedative-hypnotics
38
Agents that cause predominant confusion or delirium
Amantadine, Acyclovir/valacyclovir, anticholinergics, Anticonvulsants, antihistamines Bromide CO Disulfiram Fluoroquinolones Ifosfamide Lead, Levodopa, Lidocaine, Lithium Salicylates Withdrawl from ethanol or sedative-hypnotics
39
Agents that cause predominant agitation or psychosis
Amphetamines and derivatives Bupropion Caffeine/Theophylline, Cycloserine Dextromethorphan LSD Marijuana, Mercury PCP, Phenibut SSRI's, Steroids, Synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids Vitamin A toxicity Vitamin B Deficiency
40
Drugs/Toxins that cause Dystonia and akathisia
Haloperidol and droperidol Metoclopramide Phenothiazines (Prochlorperazine) Ziprasidone and other atypical antipsychotics agents
41
Drugs/Agents that cause rigidity
Black Widow Spider Bite Baclofen (both toxicity and withdrawl) Lithium Malignant Hyperthermia, Manganese, Methaqualone, MAO-I NMS PCP Strychnine Tetanus
42
Drugs/Agents that cause Dyskinesias
Amphetamines, Anticholinergic agents, Antihistamines Bismuth Caffeine, Carbamazepine, Carisoprodol, Cathinones, Cocaines GHB Ketamine Lithium, Levodopa PCP SSRIs TCA
43
Agents/Toxins that cause Rhabdo due to muscular hyperactivity, rigidity, or seizures
Amphetamines and derivatives Antihistamines and anticholinergics Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Clozapine and Olanzapine, Cocaine Lithium MAO-I PCP Seizures, Strychnine Tetanus, TCA
44
Misc Agents/Toxins that cause Rhabdomylosis
CO, Chlorphenoxy herbicides, Colchicine Ethanol, Ethylene glycol Gemfibrozil Haff disease, Hemlock, Hyperthermia, Hypokalemia Mushrooms (Amantia, Russula, tricholoma species) Palytoxin Paraphenylenediamine (hair dye) Prolonged immobility Statin Trauma
45
IgE mediated Anaphylatic Reactions
Antisera Foods (nuts, fish, shellfish) Hymenoptera and other insect stings Immunotherapy allergen extracts Penicillins and other antibiotics Vaccines
46
Non-IgE mediated reactions
NAC (given IV) Blood Products Iodinated Contrast Media Opioids Scombroid Tubocurarine
47
Sympatholytics that cause Miosis
Antipsychotics Clonidine and related imidazolines Opioids Valproic Acid
48
Cholinergic that cause Miosis
Carbamates Organophosphates Nicotine Physostigmine Pilocarpine
49
Misc that cause Miosis
heatstroke Pontine Infarct Subarchannoid Hemorrhage
50
Sympathomimetics that cause Mydriasis
Amphetamines and derivatives Cocaine Dopamine LSD MAO-I Nicotine
51
Anticholinergics that cause Mydriasis
Antihistamines Atropine and Anticholinergics Carbamazepine Glutethimide TCA
52
Retinal Toxins (Fixed dilated pupils)
Methanol Quinine
53
Agents that cause elevated osmol gap
Acetone DMSO Ethanol, Ethyl Ether, Ethylene Glycol Glycerol Isopropyl Alcohol Magnesium
54
Agents that cause Hyperglycemia
Beta Agonists Caffeine intoxication Corticosteroids Dextrose Diazoxide Excessive Epinephrine Fluoroquinolones Glucagon Iron Poisoning Theophylline Intoxication THiazide diuretics Vacor
55
Agents that cause hypoglycemia
Ackee or Lychee Fruit Endocrine disorders Ethanol intoxication Fasting Fluoroqinolones Hepatic Failure Pentamide Propanolol Intoxication Renal Failure Salicylate intoxication Streptozocin Valproic Acid intoxication
56
Agents that cause hypernatremia
Cathartic Abuse Lactulose Therapy Lithium Therapy Mannitol Severe Gastroenteritis Sodium Bicarbonate or chloride overdose Valproic Acid
57
Agents that cause Hyponatremia
Beer Potomania Cerebral salt wasting syndrome Diuretics Exertional Hyponatremia Iatrogenic (IV fluids therapy) SIADH: - Amitriptyline - Carbamaz and oxcarbazepine - Chlorpropamide - Clofibrate - MDMA - Oxytocin - Phenothiazines
58
Agents that cause Hyperkalemia
Acidosis Adrenal Insufficiency (chronic steroid use) Beta Blockers Digtalis Glycosides Fluoride Lithium Potassium Renal Failure Rhabdo
59
Agents that cause Hypokalemia
Alkalosis Barium Beta-Adrenergic drugs Caffeine Chlorquine or quinine Diuretics Epinephrine Hypomagnesemia Licorice Salicylate Poisoning Theophylline Toluene (Chronic)
60
Agents that cause acute renal failure through direct nephrotoxic effect
APAP Acyclovir, Chronic, High Dose Amanita Phallodies Amanita Smithiana Analgesics (ibuprofen, Phenacetin) ACE Inhibotrs Aminoglycosides Bromates Chlorates Chlorinated HCs Cortinarius Species Mushrooms Cyclosporine Diquat and Paraquat EDTA Ethylene Glycol Foscarnet heavy Metals Indinavir
61
Agents that cause acute renal failure through hemolysis
Arsinine Copper Sulfate Napthelene Oxidizing agents
62
Agents that cause acute renal failure through Rhabdo
Amphetamines and cocaines Coma with prolonged immobility Hyperthermia PCP Status Epilepticus Strychnine
63
Agents that cause hepatic damage
APAP, Aminata Phalloides, Arsenic Carboc Tetrachloride and other chlorinated HCs, Copper Dimethylformamide Ethanol Green Tea Extracts Gyromitra mushrooms Halothane Iron Kava Niacin 2-Nitropropane Phennyroyal Oil, Phenol, Phosphorus, PCBs, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids Steroids Thallium, Troglitazone Valproic Acid

Toxicology (8 decks)

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