Agents for change

Question 1

Photosynthesis formula

Answer 1

carbon dioxide + water + energy –> glucose + oxygen

Question 2

Respiration formula

Answer 2

Glucose + oxygen –> water + carbon dioxide + energy

Question 3

Combustion formula

Answer 3

fuel + oxygen –> water + carbon dioxide + energy

Question 4

Carbon cycle definition

Answer 4

nature’s reuse of carbon atoms which cycle from living organisms to the atmosphere and back again

Question 5

Carbon sources definition

Answer 5

processes which releases carbon-containing gases

Question 6

Carbon sources examples

Answer 6

Human emissions & release of greenhouse gases (i.e. combustion & use of fossil fuels)

Question 7

Carbon sinks definition

Answer 7

processes which prevents or delays carbon release

Question 8

Carbon sinks examples

Answer 8

Photosynthesis
Creation of fossils which store carbon dioxide

Question 9

Lithosphere definition

Answer 9

Solid outer part of earth

Question 10

Atmosphere

Answer 10

Gases (the air)

Question 11

Hydrosphere

Answer 11

All water (including snow and ice)

Question 12

Biosphere

Answer 12

All living things

Question 13

Greenhouse effect process

Answer 13

1. Sun’s energy hits Earth
2. Some energy reflected into space
3. Most energy absorbed by land and oceans
4. Absorbed energy radiated upwards in form of heat
5. Greenhouse gases absorb and redirect energy down, warming planet

Question 14

Examples of greenhouse gases

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide

Question 15

Enhanced greenhouse effect explanation

Answer 15

more greenhouse gases due to human emissions = too much energy/heat trapped = enhanced greenhouse effect = rising surface temp/global warming

Question 16

Mitigation definition + example

Answer 16

Attempts to slow climate change (e.g. planting trees that absorb CO2)

Question 17

Adaptation definition + example

Answer 17

Developing ways to reduce people and places vulnerability to climate change (e.g. seawalls to protect against flooding)

Question 18

Acid + carbonate reaction & how to test carbon dioxide

Answer 18

acid + carbonate –> salt + carbon dioxide + water
test: bubbling co2 through limewater makes it milky

Question 19

Metal + acid reaction & how to test formation of hydrogen gas

Answer 19

acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen
test: pop test using lit match

Question 20

Acid and salt table

Answer 20

Hydrochloric acid: chloride
Sulfuric acid: sulfate
Nitric acid: nitrate

Question 20

Naming salts

Answer 20

metal name + acid name

Question 21

Acid rain process

Answer 21

high concentrations of polluting acidic gases (sulfur dioxide OR nitrogen oxides) can dissolve, react with water, forming sulfuric acid and nitric acid (acid rain)

Question 22

Sulfur dioxide origin

Answer 22

Combustion of sulfur from fossil fuels or volcanoes

Question 23

Nitrogen oxide origin

Answer 23

Combustion of nitrogen in car engines

Question 24

Negative effects of acid rain

Answer 24

Creates acidic fog and clouds Removes minerals and nutrients from soil Corrodes metal and deteriorates paint

Question 25

Corrosion reaction

Answer 25

Metal + oxygen —> metal oxide

Question 26

Corrosion of iron

Answer 26

Iron + oxygen + water —> iron oxide (rust)

Question 27

Corrosion effect

Answer 27

Destroys integrity of metal (weakens infrastructure and increases safety risks)

Question 28

Ocean acidification meaning

Answer 28

Reduction in pH levels in ocean over extended periods of time caused by increased CO2 levels in atmosphere

Question 29

Ocean acidification word equation

Answer 29

Water + carbon dioxide —> carbonic acid

Question 30

Ocean acidification process

Answer 30

1. Atmospheric CO2 absorbed by ocean 2. CO2 combined with water, forming carbonic acid 3. High concentration of hydrogen ions = lower pH (more acidic)

Question 31

Impact of ocean acidification + word equation

Answer 31

Oceanic shells made of calcium carbonate will dissolve, decalcification (negative impact on shellfish species and marine food web) acid + calcium carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 32

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 32

energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another

Question 33

Kinetic energy definition

Answer 33

comes from movement

Question 34

Kinetic energy examples

Answer 34

Mechanical, electrical, thermal/heat, light, sound

Question 35

potential energy definition

Answer 35

energy stored for later use when needed

Question 36

potential energy examples

Answer 36

chemical, nuclear, gravitational, elastic

Question 37

energy efficiency word equation

Answer 37

useful energy output/total energy input (x100 for percentage)