agents of socialisation Flashcards
(19 cards)
what is primary socialisation?
the early forms of socialisation in the family and close community
what is secondary socialisation?
the socialisation that takes places outside of the home, including education, work, media and religion
what is behaviour?
the way someone acts as a response to some kind of stimulus
what is canalisation? [ANN OAKLEY - primary socialisation]
where boys and girls are channelled into appropriate activities
what are verbal appellations?
the way boys and girls are rebuked for behaviour which is appropriate for their gender
what are different activities? (primary socialisation)
where boys will be sent out to play and girls are kept at home to help
what is gender role socialisation?
the transmission of expectations concerning appropriate behaviours for males and females in society
socialisation
the lifelong process of learning norms, values and behaviours to maintain social order
what is an example of canalisation? (primary socialisation)
parents pushing their children towards gender-appropriate toys, such as pink toys/dolls for girls and blue toys/action figues for boys
what are examples of positive sanctions?
- celebration, praise, promotion, awards, bonuses
- verbal appellations
what are examples of negative sanctions?
- embarassment, shame and criticism
- manipulation = encouraging expected gendered behaviour and discouraging innapropriate gendered behaviour
formal curriculum (education)
a curriculum mandated by state or national education authorities, involving subjects like maths, english and science
hidden curriculum (education)
the way in which cultural values and attitudes are transmitted through education, such as obedience to authority, delayed gratificatiion and morals
what is the family role in primary socialisation?
- parents are role models = children observe and imitate the behaviors, attitudes, and values of their family members, shaping their own behavior in the process as we as (gender) identity
- positive and negative reinforcers to encourage desired behaviour
- children first encounter norms, values, and roles here
– the family structure and cultural background can influence the socialisation process-
what are the role of peers in secondary soocialsation?
- people learn from their peers how to dress, talk, and behave.
- people also learn about what is important to one’s peer group and what is not.
- peer prwssue = adolescents directly persuade their friends to conform to their behavior, which could sometimes be deviant
what is the role of media in secondary socialisation?
- media teaches people about material objects, current events, and fashion
- enforces non-material cultures, beliefs, values, and norms
- teaches people how to think about and react to political events, such as elections
canteen culture (the workplace)
the idea that people who work in a particular workplace develop a shared set of values and prejudices
what is the role of the workplace in secondary socialisation?
- the individual adapts to their colleagues and environment in order tobe accepted
- individual learns about social rules and conforms to workplace norms
- e.g, when working in a large office with several team members, an individual learns how to work well with others (cooperation), how to break down tasks into smaller activities (specialisation of tasks), and how the workplace hierarchy is structured (class division).
how does education mirror the workplace?
- they both involve reward, punishment, uniform, and hierarchy
- individuals are taught that both exams and promotional opportunities are fair for everyone
- through thehidden curriculum - lessons on punctuality and behaviour are not formally taught to pupils, but pupils eventually internalise and accept them
