Agents to treat Anemia Flashcards
(37 cards)
What should be ensured for children to treat anemia?
Proper nutrition
Safety and efficacy of epoetin alfa not established for children
What is a precaution for administering iron to children?
Drink iron through a straw
Iron can be toxic; keep out of reach of children
What is the recommended dosage for iron in children?
Based on age and weight
What should adults consider when using iron replacement?
Prevent constipation
What increased demand for iron occurs during pregnancy and lactation?
May need supplementation
Is epoetin alfa recommended during pregnancy and lactation?
No
What increases the risk of deficiencies in older adults?
Nutritional problems related to aging
What type of anemia occurs due to a negative iron balance?
Iron Deficiency Anemia
What are the two deficiencies associated with Megaloblastic Anemia?
Folic acid deficiency, Vitamin B12 deficiency
What population is primarily affected by Sickle Cell Anemia?
Almost exclusively in African Americans
What are some causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia?
- Menstruating women who lose RBCs monthly
- Pregnant and nursing women with increased iron demands
- Rapidly growing adolescents with poor nutrition
- Persons with GI bleeding
What are some causes of Folate deficiency in Megaloblastic Anemia?
- Malabsorption
- Malnutrition from alcoholism
- Repeated pregnancies
- Increased demand
- Long-term use of certain antiepileptic drugs
- Absorption issues in the small intestine
What are some causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency?
- Strict vegetarian diet
- Poor diet or increased demand
- Lack of intrinsic factor
- Inability to absorb B12 (Pernicious Anemia)
What is the drug classification for Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents?
Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents
What is the therapeutic action of Epoetin Alfa?
Stimulates production of RBCs in the bone marrow
What are the indications for Epoetin Alfa?
- Treats anemia associated with renal failure and AIDS
- Decreases need for blood transfusions in surgery
What are absolute contraindications for Epoetin Alfa?
Allergy
What are common adverse effects of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents?
- CNS: Headache, fatigue, dizziness
- GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- CV: Hypertension, edema, chest pain
What are monitoring requirements for Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents?
- Renal function tests
- Complete blood count
- Hematocrit
- Iron concentration
What is the drug classification for agents used for Iron Deficiency Anemia?
Agents Used for Iron Deficiency Anemia
What are examples of agents used for Iron Deficiency Anemia?
- Ferrous Asparate
- Ferrous Fumarate
- Ferrous Gluconate
- Ferrous Sulfate
- Iron Dextran
- Iron Sucrose
What is the therapeutic action of agents used for Iron Deficiency Anemia?
Elevate serum iron concentration
What are absolute contraindications for iron therapy?
Allergy
What are common adverse effects of iron therapy?
- GI irritation
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Dark stools
- Severe reactions for parenteral iron
