Aggression

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

Physical, instrumental, and relational
Operationalization of Aggression: trying to operationalize aggression in a study is difficult.

Question 2

Physiological Approach

Answer 2

Arousal (ANS) - linked to aggressive behavior as an adaptive strategy forr survival from an evolutionary perspective.
Alcohol & drugs - Normalized drunk behavior, frontal lobe/impulse control despite depressant
Testosterone - violent criminals had more testosterone

Question 3

Evolutionary Approach

Answer 3

Differential parental involvement
Male sexual jealousy
Child Abuse

Question 4

Individual/Trait Approach

Answer 4

Genetics
- species bred for violence
Identical twin studies - dramatic correlation between violent crimes with identical and not fraternal
Personality: A (high need for achievement) &B (more laidback and want to get along with others)
Aggressive schemas
Priming studies (Weapons effect truck)

Question 5

Group Level Approach

Answer 5

Intergroup competition
- Deindividuation
- Dffusion of responsibility
- Social identity

Question 6

Situational Approach

Answer 6

Social exclusion, frustration, excitation - transfer, provocation-reciprocity, normative approaches

Question 7

SA: Social exclusion

Answer 7

Made to feel excluded and found that there is more hostility from the excluded person. Immediate effects are to be hurt and behave aggressively , but morphs into a deconstructed/passive state where you shut down when you feel unwanted

Question 8

SA: Frustration

Answer 8

Emotional state where you feel like things are rigged against you OR high levels of negative emotion and ANS arousal. Frustration leads to aggression; like waiting in a line and getting mad at a cashier

Question 9

SA: Excitation-Transfer

Answer 9

When people are made to be frustrated, but the situation doesn’t allow them to act on it, then that frustration and negative arousal will be taken out the next best time. The source of frustration isn’t the target of the frustration

Like your boss being a dick, but taking it out on a coffee shop cashier.

Question 10

SA: Provocation-reciprocity

Answer 10

If someone behaves aggressively towards you, a strong norm s to hurt them back (things can get out of control with the tit for tat)

Question 11

SA: Normative approaches

Answer 11

Situational variable where there are situation in which norms against aggression are pretty strong.
Ex: classroom, church, orchestra, fine dining, etc

Question 12

Learning Theory Approaches

Answer 12

Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning, modeling

Question 13

LTA: Classical conditioning

Answer 13

Have association with enough repetition?
Think of his car accident

Question 14

LTA: Operant conditioning

Answer 14

You can shape behavior of aggression/non-aggression through reward and punishment.
Ex: Little kids in classroom, but beware of the over justification effect, where the kid relies on the reward very external to them.

Question 15

LTA: Social Learning

Answer 15

The benefit or changes in behavior that can occur through operant conditioning; you dont have to be the direct recipients of the reward or cost, and you can still learn from that

Question 16

LTA: Modeling

Answer 16

Simple imitation.
Think of the Bobo Doll studies: kids brought into waiting room, and they see toys in the other room. Bobo doll has sand at the bottom and bobbles back up if hit. For half, an adult punched it or tapped it head. Kids who saw adults punch it also punched it.
- Media effects
- TV/movies
- Video games

Question 17

General Aggression Model

Answer 17

REVEW AND MAKE THE CHART!!!!

Question 18

Reduction Approaches

Answer 18

Catharsis, learning, modeling, biofeedback, competing resources, norms against

Question 19

RA: Catharsis

Answer 19

Letting out aggressive instincts in a social acceptable manner, like screaming into a pillow or rage rooms

Question 20

RA: Learning

Answer 20

With little kids specifically, operant conditioning though there’s risk of habituation or overjustification effect

Question 21

RA: Modeling

Answer 21

Imitate behavior, can we referent power. Kids they look up to.

Question 22

RA: Biofeedback

Answer 22

Classes on controlling aggressiveness, calming aNS arousal, also concert of sort of changing the way you think like going to your happy place. Finicky

Question 23

RA: Competing resources

Answer 23

Hard to have competing emotional responses going on at the same time, like anger and humor.

Question 24

RA: Norms against

Answer 24

If you can establish that there are norms against some behavior, they will likely be followed because norms are powerful.