Aggression Flashcards

Question

Irwin and Cressey

Answer 1

The importation model

Answer 2

``` found that: *greater periods of unemployment *lower levels of education *being young *being non-white positively correlated with prison violence ```

Answer 3

best predictor of whether someone would be violent in a juvenile prison was whether they have a history of violence before prison

Answer 4

``` The deprivation model Deprivation of *liberty *autonomy *goods and services *heterosexual relationships *security leads to prison violence ```

Answer 5

found that overcrowding, lack of privacy, and lack of meaningful activity all significantly influence peer violence

Answer 6

attacks on prison guards were reduced when guards were experienced, suggesting it is the environment in the prison which causes violence

Answer 7

Aggressive behaviour in prison is best explained by the social role of the person

Answer 8

overcrowding had no effect on prison violence, even though it is suggested to be a key factor

Answer 9

looked at incidences of inmate on inmate violence experienced by 1,054 inmates across 30 prisons and found that the main predictor of violence was the age. She also found that level of overcrowding would play a part

Answer 10

49 monkeys living on an island were tested and those with lowest levels of serotonin were more likely to be injured or die young, in contrast, the monkeys with higher levels of serotonin were more affectionate and groomed other monkeys more, suggesting serotonin suppresses aggressive behaviour

Answer 11

experimental study where serotonin levels were artificially depleted using dexfenfluramine in 35 healthy volunteers. Mann found increased self report feelings of aggression in the men, but NOT the women using a questionnaire

Answer 12

scanned brains of 41 murderers, and found reduced activity in pre-frontal cortex of the murderers compared to control group

Answer 13

692 male prisoners, measured testosterone levels from saliva, recorded type of crime and whether they have broken prison rules. Those with higher testosterone levels were more likely to have committed crimes involving sex and violence, and were more likely to have broken prison rules

Answer 14

followed transsexuals before and after 3 months of hormone therapy. Male to female - reduce testosterone female to male - increase testosterone. Tendency to aggression decreased in male to female, and increased in female to male

Answer 15

A family in Holland who had high rates of extreme violence in many of the male. The violent males had a mutation on the MAO-A gene

Answer 16

442 males from birth to 26 years indicates an interaction between genes and the environment (particularly early abusive environments) is required to make someone prone to aggression in adulthood, suggesting that nature and nurture play a role

Answer 17

Looked at aggressive and antisocial behaviour and found the concordance rate for MZ was 85%, and DZ was 72%. (72% higher than the 50% that would show complete genetic control, suggesting environment plays a role, as the environment of DZ will be more similar than that of normal siblings)

Answer 18

182 male MZ, 118 male DZ. Aggression measured using self report, asking about physical and verbal aggression. Analysis of data suggests that genes contributed up to 47% of the variance in scores on physical violence, but made a smaller contribution to verbal assault.

Answer 19

461 males averaging 24 yo. self report questionnaires measuring mate retention strategies such as shouting at the female partner for looking at another male, and a previous violence towards partners questionnaire. Mate retention strategies were positively correlated with aggression.

Answer 20

investigated whether men who are showing signs of sexual jealousy and mate retention strategies are more likely to also show signs of aggression towards their female partner. A survey was conducted of 12, 300 women and their experience of sexual harassment threats, and sexual and physical violence by their male partners. The women were also given a questionnaire about their partners sexual jealousy.

Answer 21

studied homicide rates. Compared murder rates of female partners co-residing with male partner, and murder rates when female has separated from the male partner. Higher murder rates when they didn't live together.

Answer 22

Yamomamo warriors who had killed were more likely to be married than males who had not killed, suggesting that successful warriors had increased reproductive success.

Answer 23

analysed the data from a study of sexually transmitted disease and found that the 57 gang members had a significantly higher number of sexual partners than the 63 non gang members

Answer 24

Male, but not female, participants exposed to attractive, as compared to unattractive, opposite-sex photographs were significantly more likely to endorse war supporting statements on a questionnaire.

Answer 25

Males were significantly more likely to say they would act aggressively after they have been put in a competitive mood than a courtship mood. Women were unaffected by type of mood

Answer 26

observed 40 football games in mainland Europe which involved either the England national team or an English club team against foreign opposition. They found there were more arrests during the England games than the English club games, suggesting that identifying with a set group could lead to an increase in aggression

Aggression Flashcards

(50 cards)