aggression & altruism Flashcards
aggression
any behavior intended to cause pain or harm (or discomfort), whether physical, social, or psychological
hostile aggression
pain is the primary goal
instrumental aggression
aggression used to accomplish some other goal
offensive aggression
initiating the aggression
retaliatory aggression
aggression in response to someone else aggression
construals
triggers for aggressive behavior reflect different attributions & construals
more likely to aggress when someone is perceived as
- being hostile
- unfair to us
- blocking us from a goal
- causing us discomfort
- heat, culture, media, etc.
frustration-aggression hypothesis
aggression results from frustration and being blocked from a goal ; loser we are to the goal, more frustrated, more likely to aggress
anger
core relational theme = personal injustice
situational triggers for aggression
heat, presence of a weapon, role expectations
relational aggression
meant to hurt feelings and damage relationships
culture of honor
cultures with a high concern about defending personal status, resources and reputation ; the south or anywhere with low SES
precarious manhood hypothesis
men are more likely to engage in aggressive behavior to prove their masculinity ; men who lose competitions have their manhood threatened may act aggressively to reclaim their masculinity
major effects of video game violence
- increase aggressive behavior
- reduces helping behavior
- increases aggressive thoughts
- increases aggressive emotions
- increases physiological signs of anger
disinhibition
less likely to resist aggressive impulses
habituation
- getting used to aggression/violence
- no longer seen as shocking or upsetting
pluralistic ignorance
failure to act because no one else is acting ; smoke in a room
diffusion of responsibility
failure to act because assume others will
altriusm
desire to help another person with no benefit to oneself, even at cost to oneself
empathy
ability to put oneself in another person’s shoes, to experience the same feelings and emotions
empathic concern
sympathy or compassion for others
empathic distress
feeling anxiety or distress yourself
empathy-altruism hypothesis
helping results from concern for another person
negative state relief hypothesis
helping results from trying to relieve own distress
