Aggression in sport Flashcards

1
Q

What is aggression?

A

Any form of behaviour directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such action; not limited to physical assaults - may be verbal or nonverbal acts, and those which deprives a person of something

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2
Q

What are the two types of aggression?

A

Instrumental and hostile

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3
Q

What is instrumental aggression?

A

Aggressive behaviour committed to achieve a non-aggressive goal; injury is not primary objective; e.g. boxing

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4
Q

What is hostile aggression?

A

Aggressive behaviour that usual involves anger and has primary goal to harm or injure; goes against other goals of sport such as scoring points

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5
Q

What are the three theories of aggression?

A

Instinct theory, frustration-aggression hypothesis, social learning theory

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6
Q

What is instinct theory?

A

Aggression is an innate characteristic that builds up and makes aggressive behaviour inevitable, with sport providing a cathartic effect

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7
Q

Is instinct theory typically used as a valid theory?

A

No, as there is generally very little support; athletes who are most aggressive on field should be calmest off field - not necessarily true

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8
Q

What is frustration-aggression hypothesis?

A

Aggression is a direct results of frustration that occurs because of a goal blockage or failure. Has very little empirical support

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9
Q

What is social learning theory?

A

We learn more and acquire aggressive behaviour through observational learning and direct reinforcement

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10
Q

What is an example of social learning theory within sport?

A

An aggressive tackle in sport being praised by teammates and coaches, thus being reinforced

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11
Q

What research supports the social learning theory?

A

Children watched a video where a model hit a doll. 88% replicated this behaviour. If the model was rewarded, aggressive behaviour increased; if model was punished, aggressive behaviour decreased; if child who saw model be punished then received reward for aggressive behaviour, exhibited same behaviour as those who saw model be punished

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12
Q

What can be concluded from the Bobo doll experiment for social learning theory?

A

Individuals learn aggression through modelling and reinforcement, but will only commit aggression under facilitating conditions

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