Aging Final Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Does elder abuse have to b e physical?
A
No, it can be financial
2
Q
Where do Its most likely to encounter elder abuse?
A
Home Settings
3
Q
What is a risk factor for abuse
A
It’s a scenario that could lead to abuse
4
Q
What are different types of signs that an elder is being abused?
A
physical
psychosocial
emotional
5
Q
Is there a universal screening tool for elder abuse?
A
no, not very valid
6
Q
What are the principles of Universal Design?
A
- equitable use
- flexibility of use
- Simple and Intuitive
- Perceptible Information
- tolerance for error
- low physical effort
- Size and space for approach and use
7
Q
What is the new definition of universal design
A
A process that enables and empowers a diverse population by improving human performance, health, and wellness and social participation
8
Q
What are the goals of universal design
A
- Body Fit
- Comfort
- Awareness
- Understaning
- Wellness
- Social Integration
- Personalization
- Cultural Appropriateness
9
Q
What is difference between universal design and ergonomics
A
it applies to more than just the built environment
10
Q
According to the OTPF, should OT be involved in Sexuality?
A
Yes, Sex is an ADL of social participation
11
Q
What are barriers for expressing sexuality?
A
- physiological changes: older adults are seen as asexual
- communication: older men and women are hesitant to talk about sex with providers
12
Q
Dysprunia?
A
painful intercourse for women
13
Q
How has family and social structures changed over the years
A
- people have smaller families
- people have blended families i.e. Brady bunch
14
Q
The relationship you have with Kin is stable throughout lifetime T/F
A
T
15
Q
For Native American families, caregivers tend to be the spouse vs children and tend to contribute monetary support over practical support
T/F
A
F, White
16
Q
Which racial group tends to engage in positive health behaviors and influence their families with physical activity?
A
Asian
17
Q
This group has religion effecting matters related to health
A
Latino
18
Q
Latino families have stronger expectations of co-residence compared to whites, social support network is resiliant
T/F
A
F, African American
19
Q
This community often tolerates illness because the needs of the community matter over the personal matter
A
Native American
20
Q
SAGE and Openhouse are agencies and organizations you would refer _____ to
A
LGBT older adults
SAGE is Services and Advocacy for Gay Lesbian and Transgender Elders
21
Q
The challenges LGBT elder adults include
A
- stigma
- reliance on informal families of choice
- unequal treatment under laws and programs
22
Q
LGBT adults are twice as likely to delay or not get needed prescription medicine
T/F
A
T
23
Q
transgender adults are much more likely to have suicide ideation
T/F
A
T
24
Q
What model would an OT traditionally use to approach the topic of sexuality?
A
EX-PLISSIT
25
What are the components of the EX-PLISSIT MODEL?
```
EX: Extended, you're constantly asking for permission
P: Permission
LI: challenge assumpations
SS: Specific suggestions
Stops at specific suggestions
```
26
Community mobiiilty is an IADL that includes?
walking, bicycling, using public transportation and driving
27
Most seniors live in suburbs or rural areas where public transportation is easily and readily available
F, they live in suburbs (56) and rural areas(23)
28
What's the preferred choice for senior drivers and non-drivers?
Personal automobile
29
Number of accidents involving older adult drivers decreases as age increases
T/F
T they drive when conditions are the safest, use seatbelts, are not impaired
30
Its are ethically obligated to address driving
| T/F
T
31
How does a generalist differ from a specialist in driving
generalists: determine if there is a need for specialist to address
specialist
determine whether person is medically fit to drive
32
What are the specialization credentials to become a driving specialist
Certified Driving Rehabilitation Specialist (CDRS)
examination
Specialty Certification in Driving and Community mobility(SCDCM)
AOTA portfolio
33
is age by itself a factor that affects driving?
no the changes that occur with aging, vision, medications, cognition, physical function changes are what affect driving
34
What conditions can interfere with driving?
Cataract, Age Related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma, Diabetic Retinopathy, Stroke
35
What's the difference between cataract and glaucoma
deterioration of lens vs optic nerve pressure build up
36
Contrast sensitivity or the capacity to distinguish between objects similar in color occurs commonly in ____
cataracts
37
isi color vision seem to be related to crash risk involvement?
does not seem to be
38
Describe useful field of view
Area that can be seen and cognitively processed, Reduction of UFOV greater than 40% increases risk of car crash 16x
39
What is the failure to respond to stimuli on one side opposite brain lesion , inability to attend to vehicles or pedestrians
lateralized Deficit or neglect
40
Working memory declines in old age but procedural memory remains relatively intact
T
41
What are the causes of older adult crashes?
inattention and slowed visual processing speed vs inexperience and risk taking for younger people
42
How does physical function of aging impact driving
Reduced muscle mass, osteoporosis, neuropathies, diabetes, limit range, causes arthritis
43
Tranquilizers, Narcotics, sleep medicines, cough medicines, antihistamines, decongestants, benzodiazaphines
meds that impact driving
44
What are California's rewewal laws regarding vision
u must renew license every 5 years, until age 70 you can make 2 renewals by mail. People 70 and older must apply in person
45
How do you treat the performance skills underlying driving
activity and exercise programs that address deficits in strength, range of motion and coordination
activities and games that challenge memory attention and decision making
46
What is Car Fit
-and education program developed by the American age of Society of Aging in collaboration with Aaa, AARP and AOTA
trained technicians and professionals provide a 12 point check of how a senior fits with their personal vehicle
47
You have a. client who needs to be assed for transportation options?What steps do you take?
Eligibility-
Affordability
Accessibility
48
What is the definition of healthy aging?
growing older in ideal health with the ability to adapt and compensate in the face of age-related changes as to function optimally in all life domains
49
Obectives of the Healthy People National Agenda
reduce the proportion of older adults who have severe functional limitations, increase proportion of older , increase proportion of healthcare workforce with geriatriccertificaiton, , ,
50
What were the time frames of the wall elderly studies
1994-1997
| 2004-2009
51
What does the well elderly intervention consist of?
- Group Meeting (Instructional presentation, peer exchange, direct experience, personal)
- Individual Sessions (personal goals, new habits, traditional OT, Individualize )
52
What are some modules of WE 1
Occupation, transportation, dining, time, home and community, relationships, outings
53
What were the two most drastic findings of the WE 1
adults participating in WE! had drastically higher scores in vitality and absence of health based role limitations, social functioning, mental heath
9 month
subsidized apartment complexes for indedenent seniors
54
What's the difference between WE I and WE II
-extended focus from efficacy to effectiveness
55
What did the well elderly studies demonstrate?
the importance of OT professional judgement and leadership
56
What were the WE II Key Findings
-positive outcomes: mental health, social functioning, vitality, bodily pain, life satisfaction, depression, cost-effective, improved treatment effect (with a min 5 individualized
57
Vivir Mi Vida goals
optimize health outcomes of Latino patient through lilfestye intervention implemented in a public health system
58
What are the modules of Vivir Mi Vida
Weight management,
disease management,
mental and well-being,
personal finances,
family friends and co
59
What are the modules were added to Well Elderly Study 2
Community Mobility, Longevity, Stress and Inflammation, Nutrition, Thriving, Navigating Healthcare, Sexuality
60
People tend to get happier as they get older
| T/F
T
61
What age is the greatest risk for any mental illness
26-49
62
In a German study that pitted d200 younger (21-31) people vs older (65-80) on 12 different tasks what were the results
Older adults made less serious errors that would be expense, younger people were not more productive, and higher consistency among older adults
63
What is a dignosis mentioned by stiffer et al that is specific to old age? and how do you treat
delirium
| reduce painkillers?
64
A disturbance in consciousness, attention cognition and perception in medical settings.
delirium
65
What condition results in the highest rates suicide
Bipolar
66
Is Interpersonal therpy ( focus on interpersonal events and roles better than other types of therapy?
No
67
What s the framework of CBT
Focuses on internal biases that result in cognitive distortions, challenge distortions to achieve goals, explore meaning, consistent themes and connecting present and past experiences
68
Is CBT less effective as individuals age?
yes
69
Should CBT be used for adults long -term?
Studies suggest that it should only be used short term.
70
What are one of the weaknesses of CBT in relation to older adults
Despite using CBT many older adults still have a fear of falling
71
In cases of mixed anxiety and depression what did researchers find was the key for outcomes
non-specific effects of group participation is key to outcomes with CBT vs discussion?
72
What type of interventions have worked best for carer stress for dementia
CBT with highly trained instructors
73
Studies show that CBT is less effective with lower income populations T/F
T
74
What is the concept of mindfulness
leraning to let things go and accept it rather than analyze it
75
What is referred to as the forgotten psychological tool?
Forgiveness
76
What does the mindfulness based forgiveness group treatment entail?
visual imagery, cognitive restructuring, forgiveness, mindfulness education
77
What are the ways that mindfulness works?
attention regulation, body awareness, emotional regulation
| reprisal, extension and reconsolidation
78
What tx intervention and brain structures are related to attention regulation for ADHD, bipolar, post-concussion syndrome, TBI?
- ACC, insula, temporo-parietal junction, front-limbic network,
- Mindfullness
79
What is body awareness and the brain areas its associated with? What conditions is it associated with?
- ability to notice body sensations
- increased insulat TPJ
- eating disorders, substance abuse at PTSD
80
What is emotional regulation and what disorders is it relevant to?
- return to baseline following reactiveness
- PFC ACC, Decrease amygdala
- relevent to depression, bipolar, PTSD, borderline, OCD phobias and anxiety
81
What is an unexpected/unintentional event in which the person comes to rest on the ground, floor or lower level
fall
82
What's the difference between a slip and a trip
slip: occurs when too little friction or traction between surface
trip when foot strikes and object or irregular surface and momentum throws u off
83
In older adults what is the leading cause of fatal injuries, nonfatal injuries and hospital admissions for trauma?
Fall
84
Muscle weakness, History of falls, gait deficits, use of an assistive device are ____ risk factors for fall
significant
85
Balance deficit, visual deficit, arthritis, depression, cognitive impairments are significant risk factors for falls
T/F
F, they so so
86
One risk factor increases your chances of falling by 27%, 4 risk factors increases your changes of falling by 78%
T
87
injuries, costs, loss of independence, psychological trauma, death are
Outcomes of Falls
88
Hip fractures occur more often in males or females?
females b/c osteoporosis
| males are more likely to sustain fatal injury d/t infection post-fall and risky behaviors
89
80 percent of hip fractures are due to a fall T/F
F 90
90
Describe FOF
lasting concern about falling that can lead to an individual avoiding activities that he/she remains capable of performing
91
Falls efficacy vs FOF
Falls efficacy: confidence you have to avoid a fall
| FOF: how afraid you are of falling
92
What consists of prospective fall history
fall diary, calendar , performance testing, to see whether they are ready for discharge
93
TUG, GAIT speed, 6 minute walk, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, Dynamic Gait Index are all measures for
Gait and Mobility
94
Maximum Step length, Functional reach test, unipedal tandem, berg Balance scale, postural sway and 30 sec chair stand are all measures of
Balance
95
Which assessment tool is an OT relevant one for falling?
Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly
| SAFFE
96
The Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE), Dual task performance, Routine Task Inventory and Executive Function Performance test are all measures for
Cognition
97
Which t assessments are great for home health clinicians
WeHSA Westmead Home Safety Assessment
98
Westmead Home Safety Assessment (WeHSA), Comprehensive Assessment and Solution Process for aging residents (CARPAR), Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST), Falls Behavioral Scale (FAB) are
home assessment tools
99
Resistance and aerobic training are great options for elder adults
not a lot of evidence
100
Balance training has strong evidence for older adults
| T/F
T
101
What are some environmental modifications for the restroom?
Grip surfaces, high contrast colors, high lighting, bars
102
Universal design
the design of products and environments to be usable by all people to the creative extent without need for adaptation or specialized design
a process that enables and empowers a diverse population by improving human performance, health and wellness and social participation
103
What are the principles of universal design?
1. Equitable Use
2. Flexibility in Use
3. Simple and Intuitive Use
4. Percpetible information
5. Tolerance for Error
6. Low Physical Effort
7. Size and space for approach and use
104
This universal design principle states that the design should be marketable and appealing to all users, and available
1. equitable use
105
This universal design principle accommodates a wide range of user preferences and abilities (l-hand, R-hand, accuracy and precision, adaptability)
Flexibility in Use
106
This universal design principle states that design should be easy to understand
3. Simple and intuitive use
107
This uinversal design principle states that the design must communicate information effectively to users (legibility, adequate contrast, differentiate elements)
4. Perceptible Information
108
This design principles minzes hazards and adverse consequences. (minimize hazards and error)
5. Tolerance for error
109
this design principle states that the design can be used efficiently and comfortably
6. Low Physical Effort
110
This design principle states that appropriate size and space is provided for approach reach, manipulation and use regardless of the user's body size, posture or mobility?
7. size and space for approach and use
111
Body Fit, Comfort, awareness, understanding, wellness, social integration, personalization, cultural appropriateness are the what?
goals of universal design
112
This condition results in the loss of elasticity in the ciliary muscle and suspensory ligament, difficulty with near vision
Presbyopia
113
This condition is the build up of lens protein that leads to cloudiness, blurriness, faded colors and halos of light
cataracts
114
This condition damages the macula(central vision and sharp details)
Age-related macular degeneration
115
what are the two forms of age-related macular degeneration?
Dry: thinning, white/yellow deposits of fatty protein
Wet: growth of abnormal blood vessels
116
What condition results from and excesss of fluid that leads to pressure on the optic nerve and leads to peripheral blindness and tunnel vision?
Glaucoma
117
This condition results in damaged retinal capillaries ( leaks fluid into macula, grows blood vessels, hemorrhaging blood vessels) and causes changes in near and distance vision as well as scotomas( area of partially/completely degenerated vision)
Diabetic Retinopathy
118
age-related hearing loss, is the cumulative effect of aging on hearing.
Presbycusis
119
What are the two types of presbycusis?
conductive: blockages, infections
sensorineural: loud environments, head trauma, medications, tumors, HTN(hypertension), diabetes
120
This symptom is described as "Ringing in the ears"
Tinnitus
121
Any item pice of equipment or product system whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified or customized that is used to increase maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities
AT device
122
Any service that directly assist and individual with a disability in the selection, acquisition or use of an assistive technology device
AT Service
123
Using subtitles in movies, reading books on tape and using braille (tactile language) are all examples of
alternative pathway assistive technology for age related sensory loss
124
Elder abuse could mean
-physical abuse, neglect, financial abuse, abandonment, isolation, abduction, deprivation of care
125
There is a universally accepted screening tool for elder abuse
T/F
F
126
What are some tools for elder abuse
OT elder abusechecklist
elder assessment Instrument revised
Indicators of abuse screen
Nursing Home Abuse Prevention Checklist
127
What are the steps to address elder abuse?
1. address medical problems
2. secure safety
3. restore sense of control, empower the victim
4. identify and eliminate the case
128
What's the difference between palliative and hospice care
hospice: terminal, 6 months to life, control symptoms
palliative: any stage of the disease and you can still seek a cure, dementia, cold
