Agriculture

Question 1

What is Auxin used for

Answer 1

germinating seeds, developing flowers and fruits. such as seedless fruit for tomatos

Question 2

What hormone causing stem elongation and what is it used for

Answer 2

Giberellins are used for stem elongation such as for sugar cane

Question 3

What is the purpose of ethylene

Answer 3

To ripen fruit. it is open used as a spray

Question 4

what is an example of how cytokinins are used

Answer 4

They are used as post harvest dips or sprays to prolong the storage life of the produce. it is used for this as it promotes cell and root growth.

Question 5

What is abscisic acid used for

Answer 5

reduces the division of cells, can be used for making plants drought proof. as it cuases the stomata to closes

Question 6

What are the three stages of the development of a dicot

Answer 6

there is the emergence stage, the seed germinates from the soil and 2 leaves can be seen emerging.
Vegetable, the plant grows to its full size.
Reproductive, at this stage the plant flowers via insect pollination

Question 7

What are the advantages of selective breeding

Answer 7

Crops have improved qualities and can increase the yield with lower inputs.

Question 8

What is a disadvantage of selective breeding

Answer 8

It can take over 100s of trials to achieve the desired results. Very time consuming

Question 9

What are the advantages to hybridization.

Answer 9

increased hybrid vigor and resistance to pests and diseases. Greater uniformitiy.

Question 10

Disadvantages to hybridization,

Answer 10

The seeds are protected, meaning that you have to purchase new seeds everyyear and they are expensive.

Question 11

What are proteins used for

Answer 11

they are composed of amino acids which are broken down into carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. they are used to build or repair muscles.

Question 12

What is an optimal roughage to grain ratio

Answer 12

80:20 as grain is a very nutrient source of food however it can cause bloat.

Question 13

What is an example of hybridisation

Answer 13

Salt tolerant wheat was developed from an accident persian type combined with the modern Australian Variety

Question 14

What are factors affecting growth after Birth

Answer 14

Size at birth, the sex of the animal, genotype/breed, environment( Nutrition, Climate, disease and stress)

Question 15

order of development within the body(tissue competing for nutrients)

Answer 15

Brain and nervous system
Bone
Muscle
fat

Question 16

What type of energy is coverted to fat

Answer 16

Production energy.

Question 17

name 3 management techniques that can improve the FCR

Answer 17

Feed additives, via adding supplements that increase the food consumption rate such as antibiotics
Hormone growth promontants, secreting hormones to icnrease growth, they are banned in EU and coles. there is also cross breeding and selective breeding. there is ethical issues with all of the above.

Question 18

What is unique about the rumen

Answer 18

The microbes in the Rumen break down cellulose into volatile fatty acids. it can also synthesis vitamins K and B

Question 19

What type of feed digest quicker in a ruminant animal

Answer 19

More simple feeds such as grain digest quicker in ruminant animals in comparison to long fiber nutrients such as grass( as the microbes have to break down the cell walls)

Question 20

list the process of Ruminant animals digesting carbs

Answer 20

microbes break carbs into simple sugars
they are metabolized by the microbes
VFA are released and used for energy (microbes are the VFA)
They are killed in the abomasum( true stomach)
Methane and carbon dioxide are released as a waste product

Question 21

What is the purpose of implementing genetically modified plants,

Answer 21

The purpose of using GMP such as BT cotton, is that farmers don’t have to use as many pesticides, they only have to spray 2-3 times a year. BT is Bacillus thuringiensis which is toxic to boll worms

Question 22

the disadvantage of using Embryo Transfer

Answer 22

It is a very costly method of improving the genetic variety and superiority. It requires the syncing up of esutrus cycle, use of hormones. which all requires technicians.

Question 23

What are some reasons to implament new technologies

Answer 23

In australia new technology’s are developed as the wages are so high and farmers cant afford workers which leads to innovation. But also for sustainability, to adapt to climate changes and increasing production

Question 24

What are some problems faced by family farms

Answer 24

low level of capital, which limits the ability to purchase new equipment without a loan. Harder to compete with commercial farms due to economies of scale

Question 25

Pro’s and Con’s of running a cooperative

Answer 25

Pooled resources, save money on the processing and marketing of the commodity, compete with larger commercial companies. Tehy can be hard to organise and farmers loose their independance

Question 26

What is an example of a piece of legislation regarding honey production

Answer 26

food act 2003, states that honey must have less then 60% reducing sugars and a moisture content of less then 21%. This influences production…

Question 27

An example of how to ensure that farmers comply with the legislation

Answer 27

By ensuring that the honey has been capped before it leaves the supers. this will also save costs as if it has too high of a moisture content, it will need to dried out using a de humidified which can be costly on a commerical scale.

Question 28

What are the advantages and disadvantages to a particlar managment stratergy

Answer 28

Supplementary feed, when pollen is low it can be esnured the bees will have the feed to maintain a high level of production. Can be used to trick the bees that it is summer already so the queen will produce more eggs for the summer. However it is quite expensive

Question 29

What methods can change the Ph of the soil

Answer 29

to reduce the acidity, adding lime carbonate
to prevent acidifaction, limit nitrogen based fertilisers
to increase the acidity, add fertilisers as they are acidic.

Question 30

What methods can be used to test the fertility of the soil

Answer 30

the PH, Ion exchange capacity and the soil carbon amount

Question 31

What is the importance of Carbon matter in the soil,

Answer 31

Carbon is used to maintain and support plant production. It also improves the water holding capacity of soil, mircobial activity which is important to break down nutrients that plants can absorb. water infiltration.