Agriculture

Question 1

How long were redemption payments for

Answer 1

49 years

Question 2

What happened in 1891

Answer 2

Horrific Famine

Question 3

What was abolished under Nicolas

Answer 3

Mir

Question 4

How was peasant support won in the civil war

Answer 4

Decree on land

Question 5

what did peasants do so to stop the cheka from stealing it

Answer 5

Burnt it

Question 6

When was New Economic Policy

Answer 6

1921

Question 7

what did New Economic Policy do

Answer 7

Reversed requisitioning

Attempts at collectivized agriculture

1921 – 1928, Russian Peasantry farmed their own land for profit

But little large-scale investment, low productivity, and tendency for small-scale agriculture

Question 8

What was State Capitalism

Answer 8

Central control of the economy through the supreme economic council

Question 9

what was war communism

Answer 9

Militarization of Labor
Grain requisitioning

Question 10

What did Stalin use Grain for

Answer 10

Large grain seizure to be used for foreign currency to finance industry and ensure grain supplies

Question 11

What was Stalin called

Answer 11

“The Engineer of Human Souls

Question 12

What happened to Kulaks

Answer 12

denounced by other peasants and deported or killed

Question 13

What was created in wealthist regions

Answer 13

Man-made famine created

Question 14

more than …. Russians were rural in 1856, in 1964 still ….

Answer 14

90% and 40%

Question 15

factors that inhibited farming prosperity remained the same and they were

Answer 15

short growing season

high levels of wet weather

arid conditions in south & east

waste land in the north

Question 16

What was religion like at the Start of the period

Answer 16

early in the period, Russian Orthodox Church and State worked hand in hand, religion = highly important feature of Russian life

Question 17

Why were the church disliked

Answer 17

Church also were landowner therefore a class enemy and an enemy to modernisation

Question 18

Who did the Church support in the civil war

Answer 18

Church openly supported the Whites in the civil war, so obviously an enemy to bolshevism

Question 19

What happened to the church under Lenin

Answer 19

1200 priests executed, church lands nationalised and properties confiscated

Question 20

by 1939 only …. churches left

Answer 20

500

Question 21

How many surfs were there

Answer 21

51 million people were serfs

Question 22

main principles of the Emancipation Act:

Answer 22

freed peasants could become proprietors of land

they were to receive land so they could support their family and pay taxes

the state would compensate the nobility

peasants would pay their former owners redemption dues

Question 23

Effects of Emancipation

Answer 23

most peasants left with less land than before

rapid population growth: rural pop rose from 50million in 1860 to 86 million by 1900

Redemption dues (6% over 49 years) unrealistic, and generally set too high

High taxation upon peasants – slowed down industry

Strengthened the role of the Mir

Question 24

How did A3 hold control of the peasants

Answer 24

Land Captains

Question 25

Name 3 effects of the Wager on the strong

Answer 25

1. Redemption payments ended in 1905 2. Peasants could pass property freely to heirs 3. Imperial Land Decree of Nov. 1906 (which basically stopped land redistribution based on population growth and said peasants could actually have rights to private land) became law in 1910

Question 26

increase in production of .... between late 1890s and 1909-13

Answer 26

27%

Question 27

What was the literacy rate in 1920

Answer 27

18%

Question 28

1917 November Land Decree: 3 points

Answer 28

o Private property in land was abolished o Land couldn’t be sold or leased o Peasants farmed the land but didn’t own it – it was the property of the people and the people’s state—as such it was administered “for the people” by the state

Question 29

Decree 21 March 1921

Answer 29

o Requisitioning stopped o Tax in kind was introduced o Tax would be reduced as production increased = incentive o Peasants were free to sell the rest of their produce

Question 30

What were Results of NEP

Answer 30

o 1922 saw a turning point – progress in production o Greater efficiency o Based on insecure foundations

Question 31

When was Collectivisation

Answer 31

1928-41

Question 32

Estimate of ....... kulak households deported

Answer 32

240,000

Question 33

1929: ...... collectivised farms; 1938: .....

Answer 33

57,000 242,000

Question 34

Benefits of collectivization | 4 points

Answer 34

o tractors were supplied to NEP farms o more electrification o Food exports were maintained, which was good for industrialisation – however this came at a high cost for the citizens at home o Grain enjoyed a 9% growth between 1939 and 41

Question 35

drawbacks of Collectivization

Answer 35

o Procurement prices were low o Freedoms were limited o Deaths were high, peasant unrest, cost of famines, loss of animals and crops in protest: period of human and economic loss o Planned cultivation often = inefficiency o Little incentive and phenomenal loss of land and freedom

Question 36

How did Standards of Living do under K

Answer 36

standard of living improved