Agriculture

Question 1

What % of the Earth’s surface can grow food

Answer 1

3%

Question 2

How does climate determine population growth (affect agriculture)

Answer 2

5 degrees+ for most arable crops, dictates population density and disease

Question 3

How does soil determine population growth (affect agriculture)

Answer 3

Topsoil determines fertility, areas with volcanic soils are hazard prone, need for fertilisers

Question 4

How does water determine population growth (affect agriculture)

Answer 4

Important in irrigation and human hydration

Question 5

What % of Egyptians live how close to the Nile

Answer 5

95% within 12 miles - importance of water in agriculture

Question 6

How does geology determine population growth (affect agriculture)

Answer 6

Fossil fuels can industrialise, nutrients

Question 7

Soil horizon order

Answer 7

OAEBCR

Question 8

O horizon

Answer 8

Litter decomposed to OM and nutrients

Question 9

R horizon

Answer 9

Mineral source

Question 10

A horizon

Answer 10

Brings together mineral material and organic matter, fertility determined by R weathering and O decomposition

Question 11

Population distribution

Answer 11

Pattern of where people live

Question 12

What is the global population distribution

Answer 12

Coastal (less in Europe in India), mainly Northern, around rivers (e.g. Nile)

Question 13

Population density

Answer 13

Population/area in people/km2

Question 14

Where is most densely populated

Answer 14

Highest 20-60 degrees North, especially South and East Asia

Question 15

Why has food production increased in the last 50 years

Answer 15

Area of land that can produce food, more ways to produce food from less land. This is due to the green revolution and increased global trade

Question 16

Where produces lots of food and why

Answer 16

East Asia and North America due to climate and investment

Question 17

Where produces little food and why

Answer 17

Central America and Africa due to lack of investment, inhospitable land, and poor climate

Question 18

Maize production patterns globally

Answer 18

East Europe and Africa produce very little compared to people and India, China and USA produce most. However, we can’t judge distribution

Question 19

How many calories produced per person per day 1960s to 2010

Answer 19

2300 to 2800 despite 2.5x larger population

Question 20

What happened to LIC imports in the 1970s

Answer 20

Imports of cereals tripled

Question 21

Sub-Saharan Africa nourishment

Answer 21

Consume least food and growth stagnating, hunger prevalence over 35% in most, 50% in DRC

Question 22

India nourishment

Answer 22

Most underweight children due to DTM demographic dividend and cultural role of work

Question 23

How does climate change threaten maize production

Answer 23

Yields expected to decrease: Brazil exception as deforestation, HICs can mitigate, Africa worst affected, food production skewed West

Question 24

Effect of agriculture on politics

Answer 24

2020-21 India farmer protests: camped in Delhi until 3 new laws about removing government intervention so minimum price repealed (government upheld that it would attract investment so benefit)

Question 25

What type of system is an agricultural system

Answer 25

Open

Question 26

Importance of physical factors in an agricultural system

Answer 26

Decreases over time

Question 27

Four farming categories

Answer 27

Commercial: most sold, very productive. Substinence: most eaten, low productivity. Intensive: small scale, lots of capital and labour. Extensive: large area, low capital and labour

Question 28

Farming processes

Answer 28

Sowing, weeding, etc.

Question 29

Farming outputs

Answer 29

Crop and animal products

Question 30

Farming losses

Answer 30

Soil erosion, poor storage, water, nutrients, disease, hazards, quality

Question 31

Agricultural curve

Answer 31

% employed and % GDP decrease with development. Progress through substinence, mechanisation, chemical farming, food manufacturing, biotech, agribusiness

Question 32

How is productivity most commonly measured

Answer 32

Total factor productivity: ratio of outputs to inputs. Represents efficiency, can be shaped by external factors in short term, boosted in LICs since 1980s with massive input and intervention. Can be increased by HYVs, cultivation, animal care etc.

Question 33

Zonal soils

Answer 33

Have distinct soil horizons, the proportions and characteristics of which vary in different places

Question 34

Soil functions

Answer 34

Nutrient cycling, water regulation, sustaining life, physical stability, filtering and buffering pollutants

Question 35

Food security

Answer 35

Condition in which all people have physical, social and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life

Question 36

GAFSP

Answer 36

Global agriculture and food security programme, tend to partner with WB, need 50% more food by 2050, helped with 31 countries since

Question 37

UNFAO

Answer 37

Part of UN, issue is storage, overconsumption, and waste, 2011 30% SSA food lost, food production increased faster than population

Question 38

What does food security depend on

Answer 38

Availability, access, stability, utilisation

Question 39

Challenges to food security

Answer 39

Quantity, distribution, household hierarchy, loss, trade, globalisation, food safety e.g. aflatoxin food poisoning E African epidemic

Question 40

Solutions to food security

Answer 40

Dry properly, harvest training, land preparation advice