Agriculture and the land issue Flashcards
emancipation impact on agricultural practice
emancipation failed to bring any fundamental change in agricultural practice
although there was considerable variation, the average peasant received?
only a little less than 4 hectares
what hampered agricultural change?
-high taxes
-grain requisitions
-redemption payments
-traditional farming practices perpetuated by the mir elders
yields in comparison to Western Europe
remained low compared to western europe
what did the government establish to help facilitate land purchase?
-nobles (1882) and peasant (1885) land banks
land banks
-peasants’ land bank held funds and reserves of land
-set up to assist peasants who wished to acquire land directly or through purchase from nobles
-nobles’ land bank was designed to help nobles with the legal costs involved in land transfer and in land improvement schemes
interest rates on loans from land banks
kept deliberately low
-helped increase peasant ownership
between 1877-1905 how much land was passed into peasant hands?
over 26 million hectares
an overall increase in agricultural production in the 1870s and 1880s why?
-largely thanks to the efforts of the kulak class to respond positively to Vyshnegradsky’s export drive
the disastrous 1891-92 famine showed the basic economic problem, which emancipation had been expected to solve, remained. This was that?
the average Russian peasant had too little land to become prosperous
what did the spread of industrialisation mean?
Russia’s traditional land-based society began to move towards one more focused on money,capital and wages
—> this was a slow procedure
until 1895 society was?
strongly divided
however, the period (1890s) saw ?
beginning of an emergent new middle class and urban working class
