Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography!! > Agriculture Methods of Cultivation > Flashcards

Agriculture Methods of Cultivation Flashcards

1
Q

2 main methods of cultivation of rice;

A

Dry Method

Wet or Puddle Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rice:

Dry Method

A
  • No supplementary irrigation
    • Depends on Rain
  • Sowing Techniques:
    • Heavy Rainfall areas:
      • In Rows with help of drills
    • Moderate rainfall Areas
      • Scattered with Hands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rice:

Puddles or Wet Method

A
  • Assured supply of water
  • Land is ploughed
  • Filled with 3 to 5 cm of standing water
  • Mantained at 2 to 3 cm ⇒ Till seedlings are estalished
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rice:

Sowing

A
  • Broadcasting:
  • Drilling:
  • Dibbling:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rice:
Broadcasting:

A
  • After ploughing the field
    • Seeds are scattered by hands
    • Before onset of Monsoon
  • Followed in areas where:
    • Labor is scarce
    • Soil is infertile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rice:

- Drilling:

A
  • Meaning:
    • Seeds are sown in
    • Furrows
    • With the help of a drill
      • Made of Bamboo
  • Followed in:
    • Peninsular India
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rice:
Drilling
Advantage:

A
  • Seeds fall in a sytematic way in the furrows
  • Germination rate of seeds is high
  • Wastage of seeds is minimal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rice:
Drilling:
Disadvantage:

A
  • Time consuming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rice:
Dibbling:

A
  • Dibble is an implement for making holes in ground for seeds or plants
  • Seeds are sown at regular intervas in furrows, by hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rice:
Transplanting:

A
  • Seedling ⇒
    • First grown in nurseries.
  • Transplanted to fields after
    • 25 to 30 cm (4 to 5 weeks)
  • Transplanted at
    • Groups of
      • 4 to 6
    • At Distance of
      • 30 to 45 cm.
  • Depth of water; 2 to 3, 4 to 6 till crop matures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rice:
Transplanting:
Places:

A
  • Common in deltaic and flood plain

- Labour intensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rice:
Tranplanting:
Advantage:

A
  • Higher yield
  • Only healthy plants are picked for resowing
    • Removal of Unhealthy plants
  • Weeds are removed while resowing
  • Less wastage of seeds
    • Compared to Broadcasting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rice:

Tranplanting (Japan):

A
  • Improved in
    • 1953
  • HYV seeds called Japonica is used
  • Seedlings are first grown in nurseries
  • The distance:
    • Rows of Plants: 25 cm
    • Distance between the plants: 15 cm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rice:
Transplanting (japanese):
Higher Yield:

A
  • Manure is used extensively

- Japonica seeds gives a higher yield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rice:
Harvesting:

A
  • Before Harvesting:
    • Fields are drained dry
  • Traditional Cutting of the stalk:
    • Sickle is used
    • Labour Intensive
      • Each Stalk is Hand Reaped
    • Cut 60cm below the grain (facilitate threshing)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rice:
Processing:

A
  • Mositure Content:
  • Threshing:
  • Winnowing
  • Milling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rice:
Processing:
Moisture content:

A
  • by drying the stalks in sun
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rice:
Processing:
Threshing:

A
  • Grains are seperated from the stalks
  • Beating the sheaves against the wooden bars.
  • It is done in rice fields
    • To reduce Transportation costs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rice:
Processing:
Winnowing:

A
  • Unwanted Husk is removed from the Grains

- Pouring the grains on a windy day. Chaff is blown aside. Grain fall to the ground.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rice:
Processing:
Milling:

A
  • To remove the yellowish husk from the grains.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rice:
Processing:
Milling:
Traditional method:

A
  • Parboiling the rice and drying it before
  • Hitting the grains in wooden mortar with heavy pestle.
    • Resulted in high percentage of broken rice
22
Q

Rice:
Processing:
Modern Milling

A
  • Done by machines
  • Glossy Texture
    • Lacks nutrition ⇒
    • Nutrition or Vitamins removed by excessive polishing.
  • Graded and Stored in sac
23
Q

Wheat:
Sowing:

A
  • Methods:
    • Drilling or Broadcasting Method
  • The process:
    • Germinate in 3 to 4 days
24
Q

Wheat:
Harvesting:
Time:

A
  • Starts ripening at March ⇒
    • 21
  • Harvested in April ⇒
    • 27.5
25
Q

Wheat:
Harvesting:
Modern Method:

A
  • In Punjab, Haryana and West UP
    • Machines have replaced sickles
    • Threshers have replaced Threshing method
      • Traditional Method is time consuming
26
Q

Wheat:
Harvesting:
Traditional and Modern Method:

A
  • Using a sickle
    • Method of Threshing is used (seperate husk from grain)
      • Crop is Trampled under the bullock’s feet
27
Q

Sugarcane:
Sowing:

A
  • Planted just before the hot season (little earlier in the south and east)
  • Requirements:
    • Labour Intensive
    • Should be kept weed free
    • Irrigated frequently
      • If there are no timely rains
28
Q

Sugarcane:

Methods of Sowing:

A
  • Sett Method:
  • Ratooning Method:
  • Seeds:
29
Q

Sugarcane:

Sett Method:

A
  • New canes ⇒ Usually Planted by cuttings from Old plants
  • Cuttings Called Setts:
    • Quickly Established after few days
    • Buds sprouts to form new stalks
      • 4 to 5 stalks from each cutting
30
Q

Sugarcane:
Ratooning:

A
  • First Harvest:
    • Sugarcane is cut
    • Leaving a little bit of stalk in the soil with the roots
  • Ratoon:
    • New shoots are put up by the stalk called Ratoon
    • Second or any other successive crop obtained from the roots of left-over crops ⇒ Ratoon
31
Q

Sugarcane:
Ratoon:
Time Period:

A
  • Sugarcane ⇒ Perenial crop can be done forever

- Yield from each successive crop is lesser than previous one

32
Q

Sugarcane:
Ratoon:
Advantages:

A
  • Crop need not be planted again (Labour)
  • Cheap ⇒ No extra inputs
  • Ratoon Matures early (10 to 18 vs 8 to 12)
33
Q

Ratoon:
Disadvantages:

A
  • Thinner cane yields with lower sucrose content

- More risk of pest and disease

34
Q

Sugarcane:

Sowing by seeds:

A
  • Obsolete
  • Some states, yield is not high
  • Planted in furrows, covered with soil, distance between rows (30 to 45 cm)
    • To facilitate
35
Q

Sugarcane:
Harvest:
Time:

A
  • Harvested before the cane begins to flower
  • North ⇒ Before winter
    • To protect it from frost
  • Operations begin in oct-nov, cont. till april
36
Q

Sugarcane:
Harvesting:

A
  • Cut by hand using a Long Curved Knife (Sickle)
  • Stalks must be cut⇒ As near as possible
    • Greatest accumulation of sucrose in the base of the stem
37
Q

Sugarcane:
Processing:

A
  • Taken to mills quickly
    • must be processed Within 24 hrs,
      • to preserve sugar content
    • Cane is crushed in rollers and boiled with lime
    • Sugar cane Juice crystallines and forms brown sugar
38
Q

Sugarcane:
Refining:

A
  • Re-processes the raw sugar ⇒ brown and white sugar

- of various grades

39
Q

Sugarcane:
Processing:
Products:

A
  • 2/3rd ⇒ Gur and Khandsari

- 1/3rd ⇒ Sugar

40
Q

Groundnut:
Sowing:
Time:

A
  • Rest of India:
    • June and July
  • Tamil Nadu:
    • February-March
41
Q

Groundnut:
Sowing:
Requirements:

A
  • Sandy soil is ploughed.

- Seeds are sown by BROADCASTING or Drilling

42
Q

Groundnut:

Biological process:

A
  • When plants mature:
    • They flower
    • And Self Pollinate
  • Flower Stalk Elongates, Turns downwards
    • Buries the fruit
    • the fruit matures
      • with one to four seeds per pod
43
Q

Groundnut:
Harvesting:
Time:

A
  • Rest Of India:
    • Kharif
    • November December
  • Tamil Nadu:
    • Rabi
    • June-July
44
Q

Groundnut:
Harvesting:

A
  • Entire plant (including the roots) ⇒ removed from the soil

- Dried, packed into sacks to be sent to mills or commercial establishments

45
Q

Mustard:
Sowing:

A
  • Grown with wheat, gram and Barley

- In rows

46
Q

Mustard:
Harvesting:

A
  • 1 or 2 weeks before main crop is harvested
  • Collected in heaps in grannary
  • Seeds are seperated by getting them trampled under
    • Bullock’s feet
47
Q

Cotton:
Sowing:
Requirements:

A
  • Irrigation ⇒ Watered 10 to 14 days
  • Tilling and Manuring is necessary before crop is sown
  • Ground must be hoed and cleared of weeds
48
Q

Cotton:
Sowing:
Long Staple:

A
  • Kharif

- Before onset of rains

49
Q

Cotton:
Sowing:
Short and MEDIUM staple varieties:

A
  • Later upto september
50
Q

Cotton:
Sowing:
Method:

A
  • Sown by broadcast or drilling method
51
Q

Cotton Harvesting:

A
  • Harvested in october, in 3 to 4 pickings as the balls mature
    • Yields decreases after successive pickings
  • When the cotton balls ripen and burst into
    • white, fluffy and shiny balls of fibre

Geography!! (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions