AGRO211 Theory

Question 1

What are the most important grains?

Answer 1

Wheat, Rice, Maize, barley, oats, sorghum, rye, millets.

Question 2

What inflorescence type is this?

Answer 2

Primary axis with racemes or spikes

Question 3

Which grain is a staple in the tropics and subtropics?

Answer 3

Rice

Question 4

What inflorescence type is this?

Answer 4

Raceme

Question 5

What growth form of grass is shown?

Answer 5

Cane forming

Bamboos

Woody stems

Question 6

What feature of the inflorescence is located at A?

Answer 6

Flag leaf

Question 7

What is Apomixis?

Answer 7

Asexual reproduction which produces a seed without the fusion of a sperm and egg.

Question 8

What inflorescence type is this?

Answer 8

Subdigitate

Question 9

What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?

Answer 9

It conserves well adapted genotypes, because offspring are identical to parents.

Question 10

What is an aggregate fruit?

Answer 10

One that is derived from many ovaries from a single flower.

Question 11

What feature of the inflorescence is located at A?

Answer 11

Spikelets

Question 12

What inflorescence type is this?

Answer 12

Spike

Question 13

What is a dry indehiscent fruit?

Answer 13

Fruit what does not open at maturity.

Question 14

What grass growth form is shown?

Answer 14

Mat

Horizontal stems with long internodes above ground (Stolons)

Horizontal stems with short internodes below ground (Rhizomes)

Question 15

Cereal grains supply ___% of the world’s food for human consumption?

Answer 15

60%

Question 16

What inflorescence type is this?

Answer 16

Spatheate

Question 17

What is a fruit?

Answer 17

The unit that stores the seed.

Question 18

What is the culm of a grass plant?

Answer 18

The flowering stem off which the inflorescence grow.

Question 19

What inflorescence type is this?

Answer 19

Digitate

Question 21

What are the defining factors of a Eudicot?

Answer 21

Flower parts usually in fours or fives

Leaves usually have netted veins (reticulate)

Secondary growth common (up and out), arises from vascular cambium.

vascular bundles distributed as a ring

Ususally a taproot system

Seeds have two cotyledons

Question 22

Which family is the only family larger than poaceae?

Answer 22

Asteraceae

Question 23

What are the defining factors of a monocot?

Answer 23

Flower parts in threes

Leaves usually with paralell veins

Usually no secondary growth

Vascular bundles distributed in ground tissue in stem

Fibrous root system

Seeds have one cotyledon

Question 24

What is the leafy shoot of a grass plant called?

Answer 24

A tiller

Question 25

Grasslands comprise roughly \_\_\_% of the worlds vegitation

Answer 25

20%

Question 26

Perennial grasses feature two horizontal stem types. What is this stem called if growing below ground?

Answer 26

Rhizomes

Question 27

What inflorescence type is this?

Answer 27

Open Panicle

Question 28

What are the two methods of asexual reproduction that grasses use?

Answer 28

Vegitative cloning Apomixis

Question 29

What family are the graasses in?

Answer 29

Poaceae

Question 30

What parts make up a tiller?

Answer 30

Roots, Stem and leaves

Question 31

What is a simple fruit?

Answer 31

One seed to each fruit

Question 32

When are grasses most susceptible to overgrazing?

Answer 32

During their reproductive phase, as they push their growth buds above ground to produce an inflorescence rather than leaf material.

Question 33

What inflorescence type is this?

Answer 33

Spatheate

Question 34

What feature of the inflorescence is located at A?

Answer 34

Rachis

Question 35

What growth form of grass is shown?

Answer 35

**Tufted** Upright growth Cluster of roots around base

Question 36

What are the 4 basic grass growth habits?

Answer 36

Tufted, Mat, Cane, and hummock

Question 37

What feature of the inflorescence is located at A?

Answer 37

Pedicel

Question 38

Which grain is a staple of the temperate regions?

Answer 38

Wheat

Question 39

How many genera and species of Poaceae are there?

Answer 39

650 Genera 12,500 Species

Question 40

What growth form of grass is shown?

Answer 40

**Hummock-forming** Mound, doughnut forming Base woody Unlike tufts, many tillers grow very close together

Question 41

Perennial grasses feature two horizontal stem types. What is this stem called if growing above ground?

Answer 41

Stolons

Question 42

Where is the crown of grass, and why is this advantageous during grazing?

Answer 42

Close to the soil surface Buds remain protected, so the plant can continue to grow once grazing removes plant material.

Question 43

What feature of the inflorescence is located at A?

Answer 43

Peduncle

Question 44

What us a multiple fruit?

Answer 44

A fruit derived from many ovaries of many flowers clustered together on an inflorescence.

Question 45

What is a prostrate growth habit?

Answer 45

Growing horizontally and flat across the soil surface

Question 46

What is a dry dehiscent fruit?

Answer 46

A fruit which opens at maturity

Question 47

What inflorescence type is this?

Answer 47

Contracted Panicle