Agronomy General Knowledge Flashcards
(260 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following represents a fixed cost in a row-crop operation?
a. Labor
b. Depreciation on equipment
c. Fuel
d. Fertilizer
A
Depreciation on equipment
2
Q
___________ is a type of pre-harvest loss where stems break and plants fall to the ground
A
Lodging
3
Q
Which of the following facts can be found on a seed tag?
a. Country of origin
b. Percent hard seed
c. Percent chaff
d. Weight of bag
A
Percent hard seed
4
Q
If a producer wants a corn population of 23,500 seeds per acre, and the seed is 80% viable and 90% pure, how many seeds per acre do they need to plant?
a. 21,150
b. 47,000
c. 32,638
d. 18,800
A
32,638
5
Q
In the disease triangle, the ____ is the sum of conditions favoring susceptibility.
A
Host
6
Q
Which of the following grasses is a warm-season grass?
a. Big Bluestem
b. Timothy
c. Kentucky Bluegrass
d. Tall Fescue
A
Big Bluestem
7
Q
Unheated air may be used to dry harvested grain that contains no more than ______ moisture
A
15%
8
Q
Which of the following plants is not classified as a legume?
a. Alfalfa
b. Clover
c. Birdsfoot Trefoil
d. All of these are legumes
A
All of these are legumes
9
Q
Which of the following processes can decrease soil bulk density?
a. Wheel traffic on wet soils
b. Adding organic matter
c. Removal of crop residues
d. Continuous tillage
A
Adding organic matter
10
Q
In using a rye cover crop for soybeans, a 2021 study showed early-season weed emergence was suppressed by about _____ when cereal rye was terminated before stem elongation was complete and a residual herbicide was applied at soybean planting
A
97%
11
Q
Which of the following are factor(s) used in federal grain grading?
a. Moisture content
b. Test weight per bushel
c. All of these are factors in federal grain grading
d. Color
A
Test weight per bushel
12
Q
During which stage of growth do plant nutrient needs dramatically increase?
A
Vegetative growth
13
Q
Which of the following is true about purple-stained soybeans?
a. Symptoms appear in R3 stage
b. Caused by fungus Cercospora kikuchii
c. Caused by wet conditions at pod fill followed by dry weather
d. All of these are true
A
Caused by fungus Cercospora kikuchii
14
Q
______________ refers to the projected loss of a crop that is equivalent to the cost of the treatment.
A
Economic threshold
15
Q
The _________________ has the mission to protect human health and to safeguard the natural environment upon which life depends. They enforce state and federal laws developed to protect the environment.
A
Environmental Protection Service
16
Q
_____________ is the system of planning narrow seedbeds without disturbing the soil, using herbicides to control weeds.
A
No-till
17
Q
Evapotranspiration (ET) rate is largely a function of __________.
A
Atmospheric demand
18
Q
Which of the following is a symptom of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) damage?
a. Leaves wilt in the morning more than those of healthy plants
b. Occurs in small to large oval areas of a field
c. Roots will appear lighter in color
d. Roots will have more nitrogen fixing nodules
A
Occurs in small to large oval areas of a field
19
Q
Which type of erosion is small channels formed by running water that are small enough for implements to pass over, and can be easily filled?
A
Rill
20
Q
________ protect soil surface from running water, raindrops, and wind erosion by slowing water and wind velocity, allowing sedimentation.
A
Cover crops
21
Q
Which of the following particles contributes most to the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of a soil (by weight)?
a. Illite clay
b. Kaolinite clay
c. Soil organic matter
d. Vermiculite clay
A
Soil organic matter
22
Q
_________ refers to the amount of chemical that is required to cause death in 50% of a test population of laboratory animals
A
LD 50
23
Q
___________ refers to the release of a nutrient when an organic materials (e.g. soil organic matter) is decomposed by soil microorganisms.
A
Mineralization
24
Q
Which of the following crops has the lowest annual water usage?
a. Corn
b. Grain Sorghum
c. Soybeans
d. Alfalfa
A
Grain Sorghum
25
Plant available P is generally highest over a pH range of ______
5.5 – 7.0
26
When using manure for fertilizer, which of the following statements is true?
a. Less decomposed manure contains less organic N
b. All animal manure has similar nutrient content
c. As manure loses water, Ammonium (NH4+) is converted to Ammonia (NH3) and lost to volatilization.
d. Inorganic compounds like Phosphorus become more soluble as precipitates form
As manure loses water, Ammonium (NH4+) is converted to Ammonia (NH3) and lost to volatilization.
27
_________ is the conversion of organic N to ammonium (NH4+) by microorganisms as they decompose organic materials
Ammonification/Mineralization
28
Pesticide absorption through the skin is known as ____________________ absorption.
Dermal
29
Plant pathogens who survive as mycelia, spores, and sclerotia in infected plants, debris, soil, and insects is known as ________.
Fungi
30
Which of the following is NOT a hazard or limitation for cropping?
a. High water table of less than 3.5 feet
b. Land slopes longer than 90 feet and/or in excess of 2% slope
c. Less than 12 inches of available water in the upper 60 inches of the profile
d. All of these are a hazard or limitation for cropping
Less than 12 inches of available water in the upper 60 inches of the profile
31
he moisture content of silage at harvest is generally greater than _______
50%
32
____________is owned and supervised by the original plant breeder (usually an agricultural experiment station). This seed requires labels or tags.
Foundation seed
33
Which of the following would be considered a cultural pest control system?
a. Applying an insecticide
b. Releasing a disease into an insect population
c. Crop rotation
d. Generically modified crops
Crop rotation
34
Which of the following practices is NOT a part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
a. Pesticides
b. Biological controls
c. Cultural Controls
d. All of these can be components of IPM
All of these can be components of IPM
35
At what grain moisture level will corn ears begin to be well dented?
35%
36
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for renovating a forage stand?
a. Overgraze grass during early fall and winter to remove plant material
b. Broadcast legumes in winter so freezing and thawing will cover seed
c. Avoid using Nitrogen in fertilizer mix as N stimulates older grass
d. All of these are forage stand renovation practices
All of these are forage stand renovation practices
37
The optimum temperature for soybeans to germinate is _________.
68 F
38
What bacterium is necessary for soybean nitrogen fixation?
Rhizobium japonicum
39
_______________ are adventitious roots produced above ground, often for climbing.
Aerial Root
40
Which of the following is NOT a high moisture forage storage system
a. Bunker silo
b. Bags
c. Silo
d. All of these are high moisture forage systems
All of these are high moisture forage systems
41
At what stage should alfalfa be harvested for hay?
First flower
42
Which of the following is NOT a corn pest from emergence to knee-high?
a. Thrips
b. All of these are pests from emergence to knee high
c. Southern corn rootworm beetle
d. Billbugs
All of these are pests from emergence to knee high
43
Which crop is typically planted using the drill method?
Wheat
44
The husk on the front, ventricle side of the grass seed is known as the _______
Palea
45
What is a characteristic of using direct heat drying of grain?
Potential to overdry grain (reducing quality)
46
What is the minimum heat units DD-60s necessary for planting cotton?
0
47
Which of the following nutrients are not mineralized from soil organic matter?
a. All of these can be mineralized from soil organic matter
b. Phosphorus
c. Nitrogen
d. Sulfur
All of these can be mineralized from soil organic matter
48
When is forage nutrient value the highest? (PS 43)
Early growth
49
What new technology allows farmers to apply herbicides and other pesticides through the air?
UAV
50
Why is cotton not produced in the northern climates?
cotton requires long frost-free periods
51
Which of the following is a fiber crop?
a. rice
b. flax
c. barley
d. soybean
flax
52
Seedling emergence is hindered by ________.
surface crusting
53
What is the Carrying Capacity of a grazing system?
the stock rate that is economically and environmentally sustainable for a particular grazing unit through the grazing season
54
What is the appropriate stage for maturity for harvest for smooth bromegrass?
Seed heads emerged
55
An average soil contains ______ mineral matter, 5% organic matter, ____ water, and 25% air.
45% and 25%
56
Why would hay be ammoniated?
to improve quality by breaking down cell wall linkages
57
If a forage has cells with thin walls what would you expect to find in the hay analysis?
low A.D. Fiber and N.D. Fiber
58
Which of the following increases the possibility of genetic resistance developing in a pest?
a. asexual reproduction
b. lack of selection pressure
c. long life cycle
d. single gene inheritance of resistance
single gene inheritance of resistance
59
What is the THC threshold that Missouri growers can grow Industrial Hemp?
0.3%
60
In cotton production what are DD-60s?
heat unit measurements used to manage and monitor cotton
61
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is the process where atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia in the root nodules of ______.
legumes
62
In most situations, surface soil _______ will be lower after water erosion occurs.
organic matter content
63
Which elements do plants obtain from the air?
C, H, O
64
What is the appropriate stage of maturity for harvest for timothy?
Late boot stage
65
When a hay sample is analyzed in the lab for forage quality only three values are measured (other than Ca, Mg, P and K) The other quality factors are then calculated using those three. Which are the three that are actually measured?
ADF, NDF, Crude Protein
66
Which of the following actually neutralizes soil acidity when lime is applied?
a. H+
b. CO3-
c. Ca
d. OH-
OH-
67
Breeding cotton for insect resistance is important because it ______
eliminates the need for spraying that also kills beneficial insects
68
Which crop(s) needs(s) to be vernalized to reproduce?
a. all of these
b. wheat
c. soybeans
d. corn
wheat
69
If substantial ammonia is lost after application of UAN, an ____ inhibitor might reduce this loss
urease
70
What is the appropriate stage of maturity for harvest for alfalfa?
bud to 1/10th bloom
71
The Universal Soil Loss Equation, A=RKLSCP uses many factors to calculate soil erosion. What does K stand for in the equation?
soil erodibility factor
72
What does physiological damage to plants by insects refer to?
disrupting the internal natural process of the plant
73
What kind of erosion removes a thin layer of soil?
sheet
74
_____ fungicides are absorbed by the plant and distributed internally to prevent disease infection or kill the pathogen without harming the plant?
systemic
75
What is the appropriate stage of maturity for harvest for orchardgrass?
blooms emerge
76
Greenbugs, Midge, and Webworms and major pests to which crop?
grain sorghum
77
Which of these crops are usually grown as hybrids?
a. grain sorghum
b. soybean
c. corn
d. a and c
e. a and b
a and b
78
What kind of wheat do you make spaghetti, macaroni, and noodles from?
duram
79
If you planted a soybean variety in extreme northern Missouri in May that was suited for extreme southeast Missouri what would happen?
it would stay green until frost
80
What is not an advantage of a bale age harvest system?
a. Increase of 5-6% crude protein in red clover and alfalfa bale age
b. Allows for harvest of higher moisture forage
c. Improved digestibility
d. Reduces ergo valine toxins in the forage
Reduces ergo valine toxins in the forage
81
Hemp is a dioecious plant. What does that mean?
It has separate male and female plants
82
By which method is rice planted?
a. drill-seeded
b. water-seeded
c. planted in 30-inch rows
d. a and b
e. a and c
a and c
83
If alfalfa is the most productive legume why isn't it grown more widely?
a. it doesn't thrive on acid or non-fertile soils
b. the seed is expensive
c. it is subject to winter kill
d. all of these
all of these
84
The part of a chromosome that determines individual plant characteristics is called a/an ___?
gene
85
When would not be a good time to reduce soybean planting rates?
when you are no-tilling
86
What is the best way to avoid herbicide resistance by weeds?
a. Using multiple effective modes of action
b. Coming back with a post emergence herbicide
c. Using a preemergence herbicide
d. all of these
all of these
87
Which of the following pesticides would have the highest probability to move to ground water?
a. insoluble, persistent
b. insoluble, not persistent
c. soluble, persistent
d, soluble, not persistent
soluble, persistent
88
When is the average date for planting rice in Missouri?
April 15-June 10
89
What is the appropriate stage of maturity for harvest for red clover
1/4 to 1/2 bloom
90
What are the benefits of cover crops?
a. erosion control
b. long term soil improvement
c. lower cost of production
d. b and c
e. a and b
a and b
91
As forage harvest is delayed what do you think would happen to forage quality?
NDF, ADF, and ADL would increase
92
What is the appropriate stage of maturity for harvest for Reed Canarygrass?
Seed heads emerged
93
What are N E Lact., N E Gain, and N E Maint. estimated from?
A.D Fiber
94
A local expert trained to aid the producer in making cotton production decisions is called a _______.
Cotton consultant
95
What is a cover crop?
They are crops planted when a crop field would otherwise be fallow
96
What is not a way that producers can control soybean cyst nematodes?
a. spray broadleaf weeds in nearby fields
b. rotate soybeans with nonhost crops
d. all of these are control measures
c. work uninfected fields first to avoid spreading in soil
d. use resistant soybean varieties
spray broadleaf weeds in nearby fields
97
If a forage has a nitrogen concentration of 2% what then is the Crude Protein concentration?
12.5%
98
At which of the following soil pHs would phosphorus be most available for plant uptake?
a. 7.2
b. 6.8
c. 7.8
d. 6.2
6.8
99
How many sq feet are in an acre?
43560 sq ft
100
How many feet are in a mile?
5280 ft
101
How many oz in a gallon?
128 oz
102
How many qts in a gallon?
4 qt
103
How many oz in a quart?
32 oz
104
How many oz in a pint?
16 oz
105
How many pints in a gallon?
8 pints
106
Which of the following would be an acceptable conservation practice for steep slope?
a. wind breaks
b. tillage perpendicular to contours
c. terracing
d. corn production
terracing
107
CO2 + water Chlorophyll and light energy => ______ + oxygen.
glucose
108
Which of the following regulates stomatal opening in plants?
a. Fe
b. P
c. K
d. N
K
109
Maximum plant available water is _____ minus ____.
a. field capacity, permanent wilting point
b. field capacity, gravitational water
c. permanent wilting point, field capacity
d. gravitational water, field capacity
field capacity, permanent wilting point
110
Yield maps __________ from year to year for the same crop.
vary
111
What is the most specific level of classification of plants and animals?
species
112
The transmission of characteristics from one generation to another is called ______.
a. reproduction
b. plant growth
c. inheritance
d. genetics
inheritance
113
In a typical row crop production system, most of the soil organic matter originated from ____?
a. green manures
b. organic wastes
c. crop residues
d. earthworms
crop residues
114
Acute pesticide poisoning is how poisonous a pesticide is to humans after ____ exposure(s).
one
115
Insects that have egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages undergo _______ metamorphosis.
complete
116
As soil pH decreases, ____ increases.
hydrogen ion concentration
117
Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient?
a. Mg
b. Ca
c. S
d. Zn
Zn
118
_______ are used to maintain natural enemies of insect pests.
refuges
119
Crop sensitivity to a pesticide can vary with ____.
a. crop growth stage
b. persistence
c. resistance
d. soil humidity
crop growth stages
120
The soil test values in the top 2 inches of soil are _____ soil test values below 2 inches in a no-till situation.
larger than
121
The application of fertilizer through an irrigation system is called_____________.
fertigation
122
What is the ideal stage of maturity to harvest Alfalfa?
bud to 1/10th bloom
123
What is a biennial?
a plant that completes its life cycle in two growing years
124
When are soybeans most sensitive to moisture stress?
both flowering and pod development
125
IPM has a main goal of ______ pesticide use.
decreasing
126
When establishing forages what would the best fertilizer composition be?
a. high in K
b. high in P
c. high in N, P, and K
d. high in N
high in P
127
Which would you do first if a pesticide spill occurs?
a. cleanup the spill
b. contain the spill
c. control the spill
d. call the emergency coordinator
control the spill
128
Which two macronutrients make up approximately 95% of the total bases present in the soil?
Ca and Mg
129
Why would hay be ammoniated?
a. to lower the internal temperature
b. to improve quality by breaking down cell wall linkages
c. to prepare it for disposal
d. to make it into fertilizer
to improve quality by breaking down cell wall linkages
130
Which of the following plant nutrient forms is most immobile in the soil?
a. nitrate
b. sulfate
c. phosphate
d. chloride
phosphate
131
The Universal Soil Loss Equation, A=RKLSCP uses many factors to calculate soil erosion. What does R stand for in the equation?
rainfall factor
132
___ is not a limitation of cover or companion crops.
a. reduced yields
b. Increased soil erosion
c. increased cost
d. soil water depletion
Increased soil erosion
133
When considering soil texture as a factor in forage selection, ______ prefer deep loams.
legumes
134
Tile drain spacing is smallest for a _____ soil.
clay loam
135
What is the ideal stage of maturity to harvest Bromegrass?
seed heads emerged
136
Which of the following does NOT encourage pesticide resistance to develop?
a. repeated use of a single pesticide
b. alternating pesticides with different modes of action
c. repeated use of high pesticide rates
d. repeated use of pesticides with the same mode of action
alternating pesticides with different modes of action
137
If you subtract ________ from NDF you get the amount of hemicellulose.
ADF
138
Which of these grasses is not a warm season grass?
a. Bermudagrass
b. smooth brome
c. switch grass
d. big bluestem
smooth brome
139
This warm season grass is often called “Ice Cream” grass since it is high in nutrition and palatability. It is also highly productive but prefers loamy soils with adequate moisture.
Eastern Gamma grass
140
Which of the following is the most productive forage legume in Missouri?
a. soybeans
b. red clover
c. birds-foot trefoil
d. alfalfa
alfalfa
141
Which of the following site characteristics increases the potential for soil and water pollution by a pesticide?
a. high erosion
b. high soil organic matter
c. a deep water table
d. clay texture
high erosion
142
Which of the following are quality factors in determining the price of cotton lint?
a. fiber strength and length, but not color
c. fiber length
d. color
e. color, fiber strength, and fiber length
f. fiber strength
color, fiber strength, and fiber length
143
At what moisture content would you want to sell corn?
a.10%
b. 15.5%
c. 25%
d. 13%
15.5%
144
If substantial ammonia is lost after application of UAN, a ______ inhibitor might reduce this loss
urease
145
Pollination is ______ in an open-pollinated variety.
natural
146
The ideal maturity stage to harvest wheat is _______________
a. hard dough stage
b. a little past hard dough stage
c. milk stage
d. soft dough stage
a little past hard dough stage
147
The amount of soil that can be lost by erosion, while crop production is maintained economically for the long term is ________ ?
soil loss tolerance
148
Nutrient concentrations _________ change with depth
usually
149
Which of the following helps weeds survive and be competitive?
a. lack of seed dormancy
b. lack of shade tolerance
c. low seed production
d. high growth rate
high growth rate
150
Which of the following is most likely the result of seeding a summer crop too early?
a. higher yield
b. reduced germination
c. more lodging
d. less seedling disease
reduced germination
151
What pesticide is getting a lot of attention for "off-target movement"?
dicamba
152
You want to apply two pounds of active ingredient per acre. Your formulation is 80% WP. How much total formulation do you need for 60 acres?
96
153
Soils with ______ soil structure will have the best internal structure.
blocky
154
Excessive moisture generally _____ nutrient uptake
increases only N
155
How many gallons of chemical is needed to spray 200 acres at a rate of 1.5 pints per acre?
37.5
156
Seed quality is usually highest for seed stored under_________ ?
low temperature and humidity
157
How many ounces of 41% glyphosate will you need to put in a filled 15 gallon ATV sprayer, if you intend to end up with a 3% active ingredient solution?
141
158
_______ is a major way insects feed.
pierce-sucking
159
Which of the following is NOT one of the three sides of the disease development triangle?
a. antigen
b. pathogen
c. environment
d. host
antigen
160
Water moving horizontally in a soil is called ____________ flow.
lateral
161
ECCE is the product of Effectiveness and ____________
calcium carbonate equivalent
162
Which of the following has the greatest impact on infiltration?
a. surface soil texture
b. tile drains
c. evapotranspiration
d. runoff
surface soil texture
163
The keys to reducing the amounts of fertilizer nitrogen entering ground and surface waters are to _______ crop uptake and to _________ loss pathways such as leaching and runoff.
maximize, minimize
164
Which of the following increases soil water storage?
a. precipitation
b. evapotranspiration
c. runoff
d. deep percolation
precipitation
165
Which of the following is the least available source of nutrients?
a. soil solution
b. soil minerals
c. cation exchange sites
d. organic matter
soil minerals
166
advantages of starter fertilizer include ________.
a. more vigorous stand
b. lower liTigation costs
c. less week infestation
d. less erosion
more vigorous stand
167
Lime passing through which of the following mesh sizes would be of the greatest benefit in neutralizing soil acidity?
a. 60
b. 40
c. 10
d. 20
60
168
Calculate the volume of a tank (gallons) that is 6 feet in diameter and 10 feet long.
2114
169
Crop root growth can be affected by___________
a. insects
b. all of the these
c. acid soil
d. diseases
all of these
170
Which of the following is used to identify a broadleaf weed seedling?
a. ligules
b. cotyledons
c. pubescent collar
d. auricles
cotyledons
171
Immobilization of inorganic N during decomposition will be most likely if the material decomposing has a C:N ratio of _______
35
172
Which of the following is not an essential nutrient for plants?
a. Cu
b. Na
c. N
d. H
Na
173
When a plant nutrient is absorbed with water that is moving into the plant root, the nutrient uptake process is called ?
mass flow
174
Fields are fallow to conserve _______.
water
175
What environmental factor(s) is responsible so that some herbicides must be incorporated into the soil within 24 hours of application so that it is still effective?
a. none of these
b. water
c. microbes
d. all of these
e. light
light
176
Which of the following is often the most important limiting factor for a weed competing with a crop when the crop out grows the weed?
a. Oxygen
b. Water
c. Nutrients
d. Light
light
177
How many total gallons of spray will be needed for a field that is 1/4 mile wide and 3000 feet long, if you want to apply 15 gpa?
1364
178
How many lbs of 10-20-10 should be applied to an acre if the fertilizer recommendation is 60 lb/acre of P20s?
300
179
If you want to establish legumes in a grass pasture what would you not want to do?
apply large amounts of N fertilizer
180
Which of the following is most important in herbicide carry over?
a. Degradation
b. Adsorption
c. Solubility
d. Crop uptake
degradation
181
How many gallons of product will be needed for a 300 gallon sprayer spraying 15 gpa, if you want to apply 32 oz of product per acre?
5
182
Biological control agents that work best are__________
not indigenous to the crop or area
183
Where would you normally plant a maturity Group 2 soybean variety?
North Missouri
184
Which of the following would potentially lead to reduced seeding rate?
a. no-till
b. optimum soil moisture
c. adverse weather
d. increased seed size
optimum soil moisture
185
Runoff decreases as ________ increases.
surface residue
186
A pesticide label indicates that it is to be applied at the rate of 8 ounces per acre. Approximately how many acres will one gallon of this pesticide formulation treat?
16
187
Which of the following factors is usually most important in determining when to plant?
a. Soil pH
b. Soil aeration
c. Soil moisture
d. Seeding rate
Soil moisture
188
Soil sampling in a non-uniform field should be by the ________ method?
grid
189
The stable form of organic matter is called __________ .
humus
190
How many acres can be sprayed with a sprayer that has a 300 gallon stainless steel tank if the application rate is 15 gpa?
20
191
What is the main environmental factor(s) that influence herbicide breakdown?
a. sunlight
b. microbes
c. water
d. all of these
e. none
all of these
192
Soil erosion potential is highest in which of the following?
a. clean-till
b. no-till
c. strip-till
d. mulch-till
clean-till
193
Which of the following can cause eutrophication of surface waters?
a. phosphorus
b. sulfur
c. calcium
d.pesticides
phosphorus
194
Which of the soil textures listed below has the highest porosity and lowest bulk density?
a. silt loam
b. sandy loam
c. clay
d. loamy sand
clay
195
You are preparing to spray an area that is 100 feet by 200 feet with an application rate of 3 oz/1000 sq ft. How may total ounces of product is needed?
60
196
Water needs of a crop typically increase during the season to a maximum, followed by ________
a decline to harvest
197
How many acres are in a field that is 1/2 mile long and 1/2 mile wide?
160
198
The Universal Soil Loss Equation, A=RKLSCP uses many factors to calculate soil erosion. What does A stand for in the equation?
predicted soil loss
199
The Universal Soil Loss Equation, A=RKLSCP uses many factors to calculate soil erosion. What does LS stand for in the equation?
slope length and steepness
200
The Universal Soil Loss Equation, A=RKLSCP uses many factors to calculate soil erosion. What does C stand for in the equation?
crop management
201
The Universal Soil Loss Equation, A=RKLSCP uses many factors to calculate soil erosion. What does P stand for in the equation?
support practices
202
Which of the following Ca sources should not be used as a lime source?
a. gypsum
b. calcitic limestone
c. dolomitic limestone
d. hydrated lime
gypsum
203
Respiration produces carbon dioxide, water, and
a. oxygen
b. energy
c. glucose
d. carbon dioxide
glucose
204
What is the minimum test weight per bushel for US number 1 corn?
a. 55 lbs
b. 56 lbs
c. 58 lbs
d. 60 lbs
56 lbs
205
The crop growth stage where roots, stems, and leaves develop is
germination
206
A plant that lives 10 years is a?
perennial
207
Herbicides are usually most effective _____
a. on larger plants
b. on non-target plants
c. on target plants
d. on fast-growing plants
on fast-growing plants
208
Which of the following accelerates canopy closure?
a. wide rows
b. lower plant population
c. upright plant growth habit
d. narrow rows
narrow rows
209
A crop should be replaces when stand is lost due to some stress, when
it is economically justified
210
_________ is growing crops on the same land in an orderly sequence
crop rotation
211
In many crops, night length is important in triggering _____
flowering
212
Which of the following pathogens usually survives only in the tissue?
a. fungi
b. virus
c. nematode
d. bacteria
virus
213
What options do producers have for post emergent ragweed control in non herbicide resistant ragweed and non-GMO beans? (MR1)
a. Scepter
b. Firstrate
c. Glufosinate
d. Dicamba
Firstrate
214
_____ is (are) an erosion management practice(s) using alternate contoured perennial vegetation strips at least 15’ wide to slow runoff and trap sediment. (ACS 74)
a. Field borders
b. Contour buffer strips
c. Residue management
d. Sediment control basins
Contour buffer strips
215
Which of the following is the least available source of nutrients? (CCA35)
a. Cation exchange sites
b. Soil solution
c. Organic matter
d. Soil minerals
Soil minerals
216
Pod feeding __________________ is a corn earworm that makes its way into a soybean field. It bores directly into the pod and eats the bean right out of it (MR2)
a. Green stinkbugs
b. Pod worms
c. Lacewings
d. Bean leaf beetles
Pod worms
217
Which commonly grown Missouri crop has the highest annual water usage? (ACS 84)
a. Soybeans
b. Corn
c. Grain sorghum
d. Winter wheat
corn
218
Which of the following is a use or plant tissue analysis for nutrient management? (CCA 12)
a. Can be used to follow concentration and amount of nutrient in a crop during the growing season
b. All of these are true about plant tissue analysis
c. Used only to make recommendations for future crops
d. Cannot be used to fine-tune fertilizer recommendations
Can be used to follow concentration and amount of nutrient in a crop during the growing season
219
________________ is a procedure where fertilizer is applied on the soil surface close enough to the plant so cultivating or watering will carry the fertilizer to the plants’ roots. (ACS 41)
a. Foliar fertilizing
b. Side dressing
c. Knifing
d. Broadcasting
Side dressing
220
A(n)________ is a new shoot from the primary stem of a monocot that can grow and reproduce by itself, often found in rice and wheat. (ACS 34)
a. Internode
b. Tiller
c. Sheath
d. Axil
Tiller
221
_________________ soil water is accessible by plants. (ACS 45)
a. All of these are available
b. Hydroscopic water
c. Hygroscopic water
d. Capillary water
Capillary water
222
_______________ is the most limiting nutrient for corn production. (ACS 112)
a. Phosphorus
b. Nitrogen
c. Sulfur
d. Potassium
Nitrogen
223
If you know you have group 2 and group 9 resistant giant ragweed, what options does Bechman recommend? (MR1)
a. Glyphosate
b. Glufosinate for liberty link beans
c. Glufosinate in Xtend beans
d. 2,4-D ester
2,4-D ester
224
The _____________ in the wheat seed is the source for all flour manufacturing (ACS, 10)
a. Endosperm
b. Shorts
c. Bran
d. Middling
Endosperm
225
Which of the following is true about soil porosity? (CCA49)
a. All of these are true
b. Porosity includes large pores and small pores
c. Porosity can be increased with compaction
d. Small pores increase soil aeration and water movement
Porosity includes large pores and small pores
226
When should farmers consider timing an insecticide treatment for stink bugs? (MR2)
a. After seeing black pod decay
b. After seeing defoliated leaves in 10% of field
c. After finding eggs/nymphs on underside of leaves
d. After finding empty spaces in soybean pods
After finding eggs/nymphs on underside of leaves
227
Which of the following organic soil amendments would cause microorganisms to remove large amounts of inorganic N from the soil during decomposition because of a high C/N ratio of >20? (CCA6)
a. Wheat straw
b. Sawdust
c. Fresh manure
d. Both wheat straw and fresh manure
Both wheat straw and fresh manure
228
100 pounds of 20-17-13 fertilizer contains 17% of oxidized phosphate (P2O5), which is only 48% phosphorus. How many pounds of actual plant nutrient (phosphorus) is in 100 pounds of this fertilizer?
a. 35.42 lbs
b. 8.16 lbs
c. This answer cannot be calculated
d. 17 lbs
8.16 lbs
229
Seeds stored ________________ remain viable longer than seeds stored at ambient conditions. (CCA133)
a. all of these increase seed viability
b. under high humidity
c. under refrigeration
d. under high temperature
under refrigeration
230
Fall application of granular _________ is susceptible to leaching loss under conditions of adequate rainfall. (ACS 62)
a. Nitrogen
b. Phosphorus
c. Potassium
d. Lime
Nitrogen
231
Which of the following represents a variable cost in crop production? (ACS147)
a. Fertilizer
b. Depreciation
c. All of these are variable costs
d. Taxes
Fertilizer
232
If the base temperature is 50oF and the average temperature is 84 oF, then _____ is added to the growing degree days. (CCA139)
a. 34
b. 16
c. 84
d. 134
34
233
At which growth stage does corn have the highest daily water requirement? (ACS134)
a. 6-leaf
b. Pollinating
c. Emergence
d. 12-leaf
Pollinating
234
Which of the Nitrogen fertilizers contains the highest percent of nutrient content per pound of fertilizer?
a. Urea
b. Anhydrous ammonia
c. Sodium nitrate
d. Ammonium nitrate
Anhydrous ammonia
235
An individual with 1,000 pounds of seed with a 92% total germination and 95% pure would have how many pounds of pure live-seed of the desired cultivar to plant? (ACS 91)
a. Answer cannot be determined from information given
b. 920 lbs
c. 950 lbs
d. 874 lbs
874 lbs
236
Cover crop research from Iowa State says a 1% increase in organic matter is worth about ________ in added nutrients per acre (MR3)
a. $1200
b. $1000
c. $650
d. $50
$1200
237
If a soil test calls for 1300 lbs of ENM per acre and the dealer guarantees 500 lbs ENM per ton, then how many tons of lime per acre would be required to satisfy the lime requirement? (ACS 63)
a. 2.6 tons/acre
b. 0.65 tons/acre
c. 6.5 tons/acre
d. 0.25 tons/acre
2.6 tons/acre
238
Which micronutrient aids in the formation of chlorophyll? (ACS 41)
a. Cobalt
b. Copper
c. Boron
d. All of these
Copper
239
Which of the following can decrease soil bulk density? (CCA72)
a. Equipment wheel traffic
b. Incorporating compost
c. Tillage
d. Burning crop residues
Incorporating compost
240
Fields are fallowed to conserve________________. (CCA148)
a. Water
b. Nutrients
c. Pesticides
d. Energy
Water
241
Most ________ have the unique ability to take nitrogen from the air between soil particles and change it to a form of nitrogen plants can use. (ACS 79)
a. Brassicas
b. Monocots
c. Legumes
d. Cover crops
Legumes
242
Which of the following is true about decomposition of organic materials in the soil? (CCA54)
a. Decomposition is faster in cooler climates
b. Decomposition is faster in poorly-drained soils
c. It takes 10 tons/acre of humus to increase soil organic matter by 1%
d. All of these are true
It takes 10 tons/acre of humus to increase soil organic matter by 1%
243
What would be a common seeding rate for grain sorghum in Missouri for non-irrigated areas with adequate moisture? (ACS 122)
a. 50-75 pounds/acre
b. 15-20 pounds/acre
c. 1-3 pounds/acre
d. 5-7 pounds/acre
5-7 pounds/acre
244
How do fungi pests survive in the environment? (CCA86)
a. Mycelia, spores in infected plants, debris, soil, insects
b. As a parasite
c. Eggs in the soil, some larvae in seeds or bulbs
d. In living tissues such as insects and nematodes
Mycelia, spores in infected plants, debris, soil, insects
245
___________ erosion refers to when large channels are formed by running water that will not allow passage of implements (CCA 57)
a. Rill
b. Surface creep
c. Gully
d. Sheet
Gully
246
Which of the following is true about pest decision making guidelines? (CCA97)
a. The action threshold is higher than the economic injury level
b. When the EIL is >1, then treatment is cost effective
c. The economic injury level formula includes the cost of the pest management alternative
d. All of these are true
The economic injury level formula includes the cost of the pest management alternative
247
__________ is the stable form of soil organic matter that decomposes very slowly (CCA50)
a. Crop residue
b. Biomass
c. Green manure
d. Humus
Humus
248
According to Dickey, the number one bean pest in Missouri right now is ____ (MR2)
a. Lacewings
b. Green stinkbugs
c. Pod worms
d. Bean leaf beetles
Green Stinkbugs
249
In a soil test report, the ___________ is the number of bushels per acre the producer needs to harvest from the field in order to be profitable. (ACS 55)
a. Yield goal
b. Pounds per acre
c. Cropping option
d. Organic matter
Yield goal
250
The main function of the inflorescence of a monocot plant is ____________ (ACS 33)
a. Translocation
b. Photosynthesis
c. Reproduction
d. Water absorption
Reproduction
251
What is the probability of crop yield response to added nutrition when the plant nutrient concentration is luxury consumption? (CCA13)
a. Strong probability of increase
b. Yield decrease is probable
c. Low Probability or no yield increase
d. Yield response may increase until near the toxicity level
Low Probability or no yield increase
252
In a study of nitrogen fertilizer on corn at the University of Illinois, researchers discovered which of the following factors impacts N fertilizer utilization? (MR5)
a. All of these were true
b. Fertilizer form (anhydrous vs. granular) had a major impact on percent N utilization
c. Fertilizer timing (fall vs. spring) had a major impact on percent N utilization
d. Poor soils have better percent N fertilizer utilization than rich, fertile soils
Poor soils have better percent N fertilizer utilization than rich, fertile soils
253
Phosphorus fertilizer that is _______ is usually more available than broadcast or broadcast and disked applications. (CCA20)
a. Organic
b. Knifed
c. Banded
d. Top dressed
Banded
254
IPM has a main goal of ______________ pesticide use (CCA119)
a. Increasing
b. Favoring
c. Not changing
d. Decreasing
Decreasing
255
__________ insecticides are absorbed by a plant and enter the insect’s gut when the insect feeds on the plant (CCA111)
a. Juvenile hormones
b. Contact
c. Foliar
d. Systemic
Systemic
255
At what stages of growth should fungicide be applied to treat tar spot in corn? (MR4)
a. R3 through R5
b. Fungicide not recommended for tar spot
c. VT through R1
d. VT through R3
VT through R3
256
When planting legumes for nitrogen fixation in fields where legumes have not been present for a number of years, seeds can be inoculated with _________ to improve symbiotic nitrogen fixation. (CCA7)
a. Decomposed plant tissue
b. Hydrated lime
c. Phosphoric acid
d. Rhizobium Bacteria
Rhizobium Bacteria
257
What does Jordan Andell, an agronomist with Dekalb/Asgrow, recommend for soybean seeding rates based on the time of planting? (MR6)
a. Increase seeding rates in first two weeks of April
b. Increase seeding rates in late May
c. All of these are recommended
d. Decrease seeding rates in last two weeks of April
All of these are recommended
258
Which of the following soil nutrients is bound up and mostly unusable at a soil pH of <5.0? (ACS 46)
a. Phosphorus
b. Magnesium
c. Calcium
d. All of these
all of these
259
