AHD

Question 0

Hallmark of CAD, squeezing, heavy, burning, lasting 2-10 mins. Substernal pain with radiation to the shoulders, left arm, epigastrium, interscapular area, relieved by rest

Answer 0

Angina

Question 1

Symptoms of Acquired heart disease

Answer 1

Fatigue, angina, dyspnea, edema, palpitations

Question 2

Cardinal symptom of left HF ( exertional, Orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dypsnea) cough, hemoptysis

Answer 2

Dyspnea

Question 3

Common cause of palpitation, seen in mitral stenosis

Answer 3

Atrial fibrillation

Question 4

Decreased perfusion of the brain

Answer 4

Syncope

Question 5

Patients w/ cardiac disease resulting in marked limitation of physical activity. They are comfortable at rest. Less than ordinary physical activity causes fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain.

Answer 5

Class 3

Question 6

Patients w/ cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of physical activity. They are comfortable at rest. ordinary physical activity result in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain.

Answer 6

Class 2

Question 7

Patients w/ cardiac disease resulting in an inability to carry on any physical activity w/o discomfort. Symptoms of cardiac insufficiency or the anginal syndrome may be present at rest. If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort is increased.

Answer 7

Class 4

Question 8

Patients w/ cardiac disease but w/o resulting limitation of physical activity. ordinary physical activity does not causes fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain.

Answer 8

Class 1

Question 18

Major branches left anterior descending artery

Answer 18

Septal perforators, diagonal

Question 19

Major branches circumflex artery

Answer 19

Obtuse marginal

Question 20

Major branches RCA

Answer 20

Post. Descending artery, posterolateral artery

Question 21

Symptoms of CAD

Answer 21

Angina, exertional dyspnea, epigastric pain, easy fatigability, D in exercise tolerance

Question 22

Who anastomosed internal mammary to myocardium?

Answer 22

Arthur M. Vineberg

Question 23

Who used saphenous vein grafts for bypass under CPB support?

Answer 23

Rene G. Favaloro/ Effler

Question 24

Who- IMA to left anterior descending artery?

Answer 24

George Green

Question 25

Fundamental cause of coronary artery disease?

Answer 25

Atherosclerosis

Question 26

What are the 3 distinct changes MVS?

Answer 26

(1) commissural fusion,(2) chordal shortening/ fusion, (3) leaflet fibrosis/ calcification

Question 27

Auscultatory triad?

Answer 27

Increased first heart sound, opening snap, apical diastolic rumble

Question 28

Response is LV - dilatation, eccentric hypertrophy leading to cor bovinum

Answer 28

Aortic insufficiency

Question 29

Almost always the result of rheumatic fever. Septic endocarditis( iv drug users)

Answer 29

Tricuspid stenosis and insufficiency

Question 30

Blood leaks from the aorta to the ventricle during diastole

Answer 30

Aortic insufficiency

Question 31

Visible forceful pulses

Answer 31

Waterhammer pulse

Question 32

Quickly collapsing pulse

Answer 32

Corrigan pulse

Question 33

Readily hear pulses by stethoscope over peripheral arteries

Answer 33

Pistolshot pulse

Question 34

Head bobbing

Answer 34

Demuset's sign

Question 35

Fusion of parietal pericardium to epicardium. Scar tissue encases and constricts the heart. Diastolic filling is impeded, CO decreases

Answer 35

Chronic constrictive pericarditis

Question 36

Obstruction of flow of blood from left atrium to left ventricle during left ventricular diastole.

Answer 36

Mitral Valve Stenosis

Question 37

Pathophysiology of MS

Answer 37

Increase in left atrial pressure, pulmonary venous congestion, intact LV function , decrease cardiac output

Question 38

Late effects

Answer 38

LA hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, thrombus formation

Question 39

Back flow of blood into the left atrium

Answer 39

Mitral Insufficiency

Question 40

Third most common cause of aortic stenosis most frequent in older patients (7th,8th decade)

Answer 40

Calcific stenosis

Question 41

Pathology of mitral insufficiency

Answer 41

Defect: mitral annulus, leaflets, chordae, and papillary muscle

Question 42

Consequences of aortic stenosis

Answer 42

LV concentric hypertrophy and myocardial ischemia

Question 43

Pathophysiology of mitral insufficiency

Answer 43

- regurgitation of a part of LV volume into the left atrium - left atrial enlargement - LV enlargement - decrease in systolic function

Question 44

Obstruction of blood flow from left ventricle to aorta during systole

Answer 44

Aortic stenosis