Aice int history exam

Question 1

What economic motives drove imperialism during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

Raw materials and new markets

Entrepreneurs sought new places to invest their wealth.

Question 2

What was the role of European competition in imperialism?

Answer 2

Rivalry between Britain, France, and Germany to maintain prestige and power.

Question 3

How did nationalism contribute to imperialism?

Answer 3

Enhanced national prestige and international standing.

Question 4

What medical advancement enabled exploration of the African interior?

Answer 4

Quinine.

Question 5

What technologies facilitated imperialism?

Answer 5

Railways, steamships, and machine guns.

Question 6

What was the ‘White man’s burden’ in the context of imperialism?

Answer 6

The belief in bringing Western civilization to native people.

Question 7

Name one strategic motive for imperialism.

Answer 7

Control of key regions such as the Suez Canal.

Question 8

What were the causes of the Scramble for Africa?

Answer 8

Commerce and trade, strategic interests, political prestige, medical advancements, transport improvements, exploration, and moral justifications.

Question 9

What benefits did imperialism bring to colonized regions?

Answer 9

Infrastructure, transportation and communications, medical advancements, and education.

Question 10

What were some disadvantages of the Scramble for Africa?

Answer 10

Disregard for local tribes, undermining of culture, European dominance in government, economic exploitation, and genocide.

Question 11

What was the Treaty of Berlin’s significance?

Answer 11

Established rules for the Scramble for Africa and abolished slavery.

Question 12

What was the Fashoda Incident?

Answer 12

A clash between France and Britain in Sudan that demonstrated the effectiveness of the Berlin Conference.

Question 13

What were the outcomes of the First Boer War?

Answer 13

Led to self-governing status for the Transvaal and Orange Free State.

Question 14

What was a major consequence of the Second Boer War?

Answer 14

British occupation of Boer Republics after prolonged guerilla resistance.

Question 15

How did the Second Boer War affect British foreign policy?

Answer 15

Resulted in feelings of isolation and the end of ‘splendid isolation’.

Question 16

Who dismissed Bismarck in 1890?

Answer 16

Kaiser Wilhelm II.

Question 17

What was the main focus of Kaiser Wilhelm II’s foreign policy?

Answer 17

Imperial expansion and naval development.

Question 18

What led to the Russo-Japanese War?

Answer 18

Russia’s refusal to negotiate over Korea and its invasion of Japanese-controlled territory.

Question 19

What was the Anglo-Japanese Alliance?

Answer 19

An agreement between Britain and Japan for mutual support in case of war.

Question 20

What were the effects of the Spanish-American War?

Answer 20

USA gained territories such as Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

Question 21

What did the Roosevelt Corollary extend?

Answer 21

The Monroe Doctrine specific to the Caribbean.

Question 22

What was the main cause of US entry into WWI?

Answer 22

Sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegram.

Question 23

What was one of the effects of US involvement in WWI?

Answer 23

Expansion of American industries to meet wartime demand.

Question 24

What did the Platt Amendment do?

Answer 24

Gave effective control of Cuba to the US.

Question 25

What were Hitler's foreign policy aims?

Answer 25

Ending commitment to the Treaty of Versailles, recovering lost territory, and expanding Germany eastwards.

Question 26

What was Lebensraum?

Answer 26

The concept of 'living space' for the German people through territorial expansion.

Question 27

What was the significance of the Munich Conference in 1938?

Answer 27

Hitler was given the Sudetenland, which led to further aggression.

Question 28

What were the causes of WWII?

Answer 28

Treaty of Versailles, failures of the League of Nations, Great Depression, fear of communism, and appeasement.

Question 29

What were the causes of WWII?

Answer 29

* Treaty of Versailles too harsh * League of Nations failures / USA isolation * Great Depression (rise of extremist) * Fear of Communism (prevented USSR alliance) * Appeasement (enabled Hitler) * Stalin signed the NAZI-Soviet Pact * Czechoslovakia / Poland invasion unjustifiable

Question 30

What factors contributed to the failures of the League of Nations?

Answer 30

USA isolation and lack of enforcement power.

Question 31

What was the impact of the Great Depression on global politics?

Answer 31

Rise of extremist movements.

Question 32

What was the significance of the NAZI-Soviet Pact?

Answer 32

Allowed for the division of Eastern Europe and facilitated WWII.

Question 33

What were the Three Principles of the People?

Answer 33

* Nationalism * Democracy * Social and Political Reform

Question 34

Describe the goals of the May Fourth Movement.

Answer 34

Aimed to restore Chinese strength, adopt western values, and destroy the warlords.

Question 35

What were the positives and negatives of the Long March for the CCP?

Answer 35

* Positives: Mao became undisputed leader, safe base in Yanan, survival of Chinese communism * Negatives: Loss of Kiangsi Province, only 20,000 of 90,000 men survived, forced away in shame

Question 36

What were the economic and political impacts of the Nanjing Decade for the CCP?

Answer 36

* Economic gains, created national currency, centralized education * Persecuted by KMT, money went to military, unable to focus on other concerns

Question 37

What were the results of the Long March?

Answer 37

* Mao Zedong became undisputed leader * Established Yenan Soviet base * Increased CCP support by peasants via propaganda * Allowed CCP to develop and foster its ideals and government

Question 38

What caused the Xian Incident?

Answer 38

* CCP upset at KMT * Imminent attack on CCP * Needed to redirect KMT

Question 39

What were the effects of the Xian Incident?

Answer 39

* Chiang was freed * KMT aggression on CCP ended temporarily * Made KMT end Japanese non-intervention policy * Created united front

Question 40

How did the CCP and KMT respond to the Japanese invasion?

Answer 40

* CCP: Destroyed dam, propaganda of victory * KMT: Non-intervention policy, retreated, left citizens undefended

Question 41

List reasons for the popularity of the Yenan Soviet.

Answer 41

* CCP lived amongst the peasants * Created schools and hospitals * Provided appealing land redistribution * Took effective action to stop Japanese invasion

Question 42

What led to the unpopularity of the KMT government?

Answer 42

* Failed to create effective democracy * No improvements in peasants' lives * Acted like a fascist state * Focused on military and leader's interests

Question 43

What were the effects of the Mukden Incident?

Answer 43

* Allowed Japan to invade China * Created puppet state 'Manchukuo' * Put former emperor Pu Yi as leader * Increased Japanese power and control

Question 44

What were the reasons for Japan's anger at the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 44

* Racial Equality Clause denied * Unable to keep all territories gained in war * Western powers implemented immigration bans * Forced to limit navy power (Washington Naval)

Question 45

What were the reasons for Japan's invasion of Manchuria?

Answer 45

* Needed land and resources * Great Depression issues * Europe was distracted * Public opinion supported expansion

Question 46

What were the consequences of the failure of democracy in Japan?

Answer 46

* Shifted public support to CCP * Economy declined * Increased social unrest * Censorship and removal of civil rights

Question 47

What were the motivations behind the Pearl Harbor attack?

Answer 47

* Believed war with the U.S. was inevitable * Planned to undermine navy * Wanted U.S. to seek peace settlement * Success in Russo-Japanese war via sneak attack

Question 48

What were the reasons for U.S. involvement in WWII?

Answer 48

* Need for resources * Anti-west sentiment * Anger about Paris Peace Conference * Believed war was inevitable

Question 49

What were the results of the Pearl Harbor attack?

Answer 49

* USA was unprepared * Mass destruction of U.S. navy * Sent a message to America about intentions * Many ships survived due to absence

Question 50

What were the economic reasons for the failure of democracy in Japan?

Answer 50

* Great Depression * Public opinion supported Manchurian invasion * Increase in poverty

Question 51

What were the political reasons for the failure of democracy in Japan?

Answer 51

* Corrupt government violating civil rights * Anti-West sentiment led to lack of focus on domestic issues * May 15th Incidents stirred aggression