AICE Unit 1.1

Question 1

Scramble for Africa

Answer 1

The flurry of colonization in Africa led by European powers

Question 2

Berlin Conference

Answer 2

the meeting held in 1884 that instigated the Scramble for Africa and set rules for European colonization

Question 3

Cecil Rhodes

Answer 3

a British politician who wanted to expand British imperialism in South Africa as governor and wanted to install a telegraph connecting all British colonies in Africa

Question 4

Boer Wars

Answer 4

two sets of conflicts beginning in 1899 in which Dutch farmers fought the British for control of territory in South Africa

Question 5

Fashoda Crisis

Answer 5

an incident in which Britain and France almost went to war over a village in Sudan, but were able to avoid conflict through compromise

Question 6

nationalism

Answer 6

a very strong feeling or pride in or devotion to one’s country that may lead to violence and hate

Question 7

Social Darwinism

Answer 7

the belief that certain groups of people are inherently superior than others and therefore deserve to have political, economic, and social power

Question 8

mercantilism

Answer 8

an economic theory that states there is a finite amount of wealth in the world; encourages countries to increase trade and exports in order to secure their share of that wealth

Question 9

industrialization

Answer 9

the development of industries in a country on wide scale

Question 10

David Livingstone

Answer 10

a Scottish missionary who traveled into the center of Africa to promote Christianity and lived; proved to Western Europeans that Africa’s interior was up for grabs

Question 11

Morocco Crises

Answer 11

Germany tried to get Morocco to overthrow French control, but fails; increased Franco-German tensions

Question 12

Open Door Policy

Answer 12

a trade policy created by the US in 1899 in which all nations agree to share equal trading rights in China to avoid conflict

Question 13

sphere of influence

Answer 13

a region of foreign control inside a country in which another nation manages trade and other economic activities

Question 14

Opium Wars

Answer 14

conflict in the mid-1800s between Britain and China over whether or not China could dictate the terms of their trading relationship

Question 15

Port Arthur

Answer 15

a natural harbor in Korea that was highly desirable to both Japan and Russia

Question 16

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 16

an 1899 rebellion in China led by a group of Chinese nationalists who were unhappy with the level of foreign interference in their country

Question 17

imperialism

Answer 17

a policy in which larger, more powerful countries exert control over smaller, weaker countries

Question 18

raw materials

Answer 18

natural resources used in manufacturing and industrialization

Question 19

New Imperialism

Answer 19

a term for a second period of expansion that focused on the conquest of territories in Asia and Africa, rather than the Americas

Question 20

telegraph

Answer 20

a technology developed to facilitate long-distance communication over an electric wire

Question 21

civilizing mission

Answer 21

the idea that it was the duty of Europeans to help indigenous people end their “barbaric” traditions and cultures

Question 22

Leopold II

Answer 22

the king who led Belgium’s ruthless conquest and exploitation of the Congo

Question 23

Wilhelm II

Answer 23

the leader of Germany who encouraged imperialism

Question 24

Paul Kruger

Answer 24

president of the Transvaal; head of the Boer resistance during the Boer Wars

Question 25

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 25

the German leader who organized and facilitated the Berlin Conference