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604 Immuno/Microbio - Exam 3 > AIDS & Vaccines > Flashcards

AIDS & Vaccines Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Autoimmune diseases due to type II hypersensitivity reaction:

A
  • Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
  • Pemphigus vulgaris
  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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2
Q

Autoimmune diseases due to type III hypersensitivity reaction (non organ specific):

A

Lupus erythematosus

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3
Q

Is there type I hypersensitivity autoimmune disease? Why?

A

No b/c of IgE

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4
Q

Organ or cell specific AID for type II:

A
  • Hashimoto’s thyroiditis:
  • Pemphigus vulgaris:
  • (benign) Mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP or MMP):
  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia:
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Acute rheymatic fever
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5
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has antibodies to

A

Anti-thyroid

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6
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris has antibodies to

A

Antibodies to interstellar substance of the epithelium

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7
Q

(benign) Mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP or MMP) has antibodies to

A

Antibodies to basement membrane

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8
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia has antibodies to

A

RBCs

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9
Q

How do you get erythrocyte lysis?

A

anti-erythrocyte antibody attaches to RBC & you get complete activation as complement system & RBC lyse

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10
Q

How do you get phagocytosis & erythrocyte destruction?

A

FcR for antibody = phagocytosis
C3b is attached to antibody on RBC –> phagocytic cells express CR1

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11
Q

Myasthenia gravis antibody

A

Antibody against Ach receptor

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12
Q

How do you get myasthenia gravis?

A

Receptors are internalized by presence of antibody (inside of cell) → Ach doesn’t have receptor to interact w/ once it leaves presynaptic cell → muscle weakness

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13
Q

How do you get myasthenia gravis in infant? What if autoantibody is IgA?

A

Mother w/ Grave’s disease makes anti-TSHR antibodies → IgG antibodies cross placenta into fetus during pregnancy → newborn infant suffers from Graves’ disease → plasmapheresis removes maternal anti-TSHR antibodies & cures infant (in a few months once maternal antibodies are gone)

Baby wouldn’t get disease b/c IgA can’t cross placenta

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14
Q

Acute rheumatic fever antibodies

A

Antibodies cross-react w/ cardiac muscle

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15
Q

Examples of bullous (blister) diseases

A

pemphigus vulgaris & MMP

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16
Q

Non-organ specific AID (type III) example

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

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17
Q

Describe Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What does it have antibodies to?

A

Developes circulating immune complexes against antigens

Type III

Antibodies to: DNA, histones, ribosomes, snRNP, scRNP

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18
Q

T-cell mediated disease (type IV) examples

A
  • Type 1 diabetes
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
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19
Q

Type I diabetes has antibodies to

20
Q

What is islet cell transplantation?

Study These Flashcards
A

harvest islet of langerhans from pancreas & transplant into type I diabetic patient → patient’s won’t have to rely on receiving insulin for a while

21
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis results in

Study These Flashcards
A

Joint inflammation & destruction

22
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis relationship to thymus

Study These Flashcards
A

Inverse correlation between involution of thymus (loss of thymus w/ age, becomes fatty) & incidence of RA (increase of RA w/ age)

23
Q

Therapy directed against B cells have ___ antibody for ___

Study These Flashcards
A

Anti-CD20
Rituximab

24
Q

For patients w/ type IV, you can treat them w/ ___ therapy like ___ which causes CMI response

Study These Flashcards
A

Anti-TNF alpha
Infliximab

25
Rheumatic diseases caused by autoimmunity
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis
26
Define active immunity
when exposed to microbe or its products or when you recover
27
2 ways active immunity occurs. Describe.
- Natural: develops after recovering from infection - Artificial: intentional administration
28
Examples of artificial administration for active immunity
Toxoids (tetanus), Inactivated vaccine where you receive killed microbe or its byproducts (HBV & covid), & live attenuated vaccines (measles & mumps)
29
Describe passive immunity
through the administration of preformed antibodies (that are made in an animal, individual, or lab) as anti-toxins or human gammaglobulin
30
2 ways passive immunity occurs. Describe them.
- Natural: placental transfer of antibodies (IgG) - Artificial: anti-toxins (if you have tetanus you’re administered an antibody), human gammaglobulin, select monoclonal antibodies like those against Covid
31
Killed vaccines antigenic mass, duration immun, & immunosup/deficient
Small short-lived booster Usually okay
32
Live vaccines antigenic mass, duration immun, & immunosup/deficient
Larger due to proliferation of microbe Often life long Risk of disseminated & disease often fatal
33
What's used w/ kill vaccine? What do they do? Examples?
Adjuvants Enhance immune response so it lasts longer Alum & freund's adjuvant
34
___ is when the donor & recipient are the same individual
Autograft
35
Define isograft
donor & recipient are genetically identical (identical twins)
36
Define allograft
donor & recipient are of the same species, but genetically different
37
___ is when the donor & recipient are of different species
Xenograft
38
___ & ___ have graft rejection
Allografts & xenograft
39
Acute vs. hyperacute graft rejection. What is their hypersensitivity reaction type?
Acute: usually mediated by T cells & they attack transplant - Type IV hypersensitivity reaction Hyperacute: antibody-mediated, the recipient has antibodies to donor organ - Type II hypersensitivity reaction
40
How does graft vs. host disease (GVHD) occur? What type of graft is this seen in?
Occurs when donor lymphocytes in donor graft attack recipient cells (T cells in transplant attack the recipients tissues) Allograft
41
___ is a major problem in BM transplantation
Graft vs. host disease (GVHD)
42
Blood type A, B, AB, O antibody & antigen.
A - antibody = anti B - antigen = A B - antibody = anti A - antigen = B AB - antibody = none - antigen = A & B O - antibody = anti A & B - antigen = none
43
___ is important in transplant setting
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA)
44
Blood transfusion reactions is an example of type ___ hypersensitivity reactions
Type II
45
Rh antigens is found on RBCs of ___% of population. Individuals w/ Rh- have what?
85% Individuals who are Rh- can develop antibody to Rh antigen (anti-D)
46
Describe erythroblastosis fetalis
Pregnant Rh- mother that’s been exposed to Rh antigen due to previous birth or blood transfusion, she has anti-D antibodies & Rh+ fetus → anti-D antibody crosses placenta & causes hemolytic anemia in newborn
47
What is the drug given to pregnant Rh- woman who hasn’t developed antibody to Rh antigen? Can you give it to mother who already has anti-D?
Rhogam No

604 Immuno/Microbio - Exam 3 (5 decks)

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