Aileen Leptosporosis

Question 1

what type of zoonosis is leptospirosis?

Answer 1

Water-Borne and Antropoozoonotic

Question 2

What are the species most prevelenat in the UK, how many are there total?

Answer 2

Species: Leptospososis. Interogans and leptosporosis. Icterohaemorrhagic (66 species total)

Question 3

What is the taxonomy of leptospirosis?

Answer 3

Family: Leptospiraceae
Genus: Leptospiria
Species: Leptospososis. Interogans and leptosporosis. Icterohaemorrhagic

Question 4

What are the serovars or clades of leptosporosis?

Answer 4

Serovars: +300 Caldes: P1 (Most disease in humans) P2 and S1 and S2

Question 5

What is the Morphology of leptospirosis?

Answer 5

Spirochete: right handed helical Peptidoglycan: attached to the inner mebrane rather then the outer mebrane Falgella: hooked axial flagella LPS: has it (typically has low endotoxin activity activating the TLR2 rather then the TLR4) The lipid A is different in structure then typically seen and the O antigen also differes. Size: 0.1x6-20 um Genome: two chromosomes

Question 6

What is the gram stain fo leptosporosis?

Answer 6

Gram-Negative

Question 7

What are the O2 requirements of leptospirosis?

Answer 7

Obligate Aerobe

Question 8

What is the mobility of leptosporosis?

Answer 8

hooked axial flagella

Question 9

Can leptosporosis form spores?

Answer 9

NO

Question 10

What is reqquired for the survival of leptosporosis?

Answer 10

neutral pH and water

Question 11

What is the fatality of leptospirosis in a naïve population?

Answer 11

20%

Question 12

What is the life cycle of leptospirosis?

Answer 12

Human –> water –> Animal –> Water –> Human

Question 13

What is the infection route of leptospirosis?

Answer 13

Attachment: typically attach to the host extracelluar matrix and to factor H Pili ahdere to the fivronectin, laminin, or callogen. Endocytosis: Clatherin dependant Invasive Enzyme: callogenage allow entrence in to the blood stream Kidneys/tubules: remain in the renal endothelial cells Toxin: Endotoxin LPS and Exotoxin: Hemolysin: results in apoptosis of the vascular cells Hemorogic inducer: vascular engorgments Jaundice inducer: apoptosis of the liver cells

Question 14

What is the history of leptospirosis?

Answer 14

1886: Aldolf weill: first descibed the disease
1907: Observed in a renal post mortem slide 1908: Orginism first described (bacterium)
1916: Found in Rats
2002: Leptosporosis found in fruit bats (flying foxes) in Austrailia