AIMU

Question 1

What is autoimmunity?

Answer 1

Autoimmunity occurs when your immune system mistakenly targets and attacks your body’s own healthy cells, tissues, or organs as if they were foreign invaders.

Question 2

Which gender is more commonly affected by autoimmune diseases?

Answer 2

Women

Question 3

What are dendritic cells responsible for?

Answer 3

Dendritic cells capture antigens and present them to T cells.

Question 4

What is the role of T cells in the immune system?

Answer 4

T cells are the MOST important immune cells; they can recognize disease-causing microorganisms and rally other immune cells to attack the invaders or kill the invaders themselves.

Question 5

What do B cells produce?

Answer 5

B cells produce antibodies designed to attack specific antigens.

Question 6

What are phagocytes?

Answer 6

Phagocytes are large cells that eat antigens, capturing and destroying microbes and other foreign particles.

Question 7

What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

Answer 7

SLE is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory and immune attacks against multiple self tissues and organs.

Question 8

What are common triggers for SLE?

Answer 8

Triggers include infection, injury, drugs, hormones, and UV light.

Question 9

What is a key clinical manifestation of SLE?

Answer 9

Butterfly rash

Question 10

What is lupus nephritis?

Answer 10

Lupus nephritis is a common complication of SLE that leads to changes in urine output, proteinuria, hematuria, and fluid retention.

Question 11

What is the expected lab finding in a patient with SLE?

Answer 11

Positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA)

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Acetaminophen can alter the pain perception but not reduce _______.

Answer 12

inflammation

Question 13

What are some nursing interventions for managing fatigue in SLE patients?

Answer 13

• Choose important activities to do first
• Plan rest intermittently
• Prepare meals in advance
• Establish good sleep patterns
• Shop online
• Allow help from friends and family
• Avoid smoking

Question 14

What is the etiology of Lyme Disease?

Answer 14

Borrelia burgdorferi (bite of infected deer tick)

Question 15

What is the first stage of Lyme Disease characterized by?

Answer 15

Bullseye rash and flu-like symptoms

Question 16

What are the clinical manifestations of Stage II Lyme Disease?

Answer 16

Carditis, dysrhythmias, dyspnea, palpitations, meningitis, facial paralysis.

Question 17

What is CREST in relation to Systemic Sclerosis (SSc)?

Answer 17

• C: Calcinosis
• R: Raynaud’s phenomenon
• E: Esophageal dysfunction
• S: Sclerodactyly
• T: Telangiectasias

Question 18

What is a common lab finding in Systemic Sclerosis?

Answer 18

EKG changes, dysphagia, UOP, and BP based on affected organs.

Question 19

What are common systemic manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

Answer 19

• Low-grade fever
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Anorexia

Question 20

What are the goals of therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Answer 20

• Manage inflammation
• Decrease pain
• Prevent joint destruction
• Increase mobility
• Slow progression
• Achieve remission

Question 21

What is a major risk factor for Osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer 21

Older adults

Question 22

What is a key characteristic of Osteoarthritis?

Answer 22

Progressive deterioration and loss of cartilage and bone in one or more joints.

Question 23

True or False: Osteoarthritis symptoms are symmetrical.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is the primary risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer 24

Older adults, genetics, overweight

Secondary risk factors include rheumatoid arthritis, excess use, obesity, and heavy manual occupations.

Question 25

What is the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis?

Answer 25

Progressive deterioration and loss of cartilage and bone in one or more joints; not symmetrical ## Footnote OA is the most common arthritis and a major cause of impaired mobility.

Question 26

List key health promotion measures for osteoarthritis.

Answer 26

* Proper nutrition to prevent obesity * No smoking * Avoid injuries, especially in sports * Take adequate work breaks for repetitive motion * Stay active and maintain a healthy lifestyle (exercise)

Question 27

What lab tests may be elevated in osteoarthritis?

Answer 27

ESR and CRP ## Footnote Imaging tests like X-ray, MRI, or CT may also be used.

Question 28

What are common clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis?

Answer 28

* Pain * Joint stiffness * Body image/self-esteem concerns * Pain that interferes with ADLs * Joint deformities * Contractures

Question 29

What is the goal of therapy for osteoarthritis?

Answer 29

* Pain control * Increased mobility * Safe medication use (e.g., acetaminophen, NSAIDs)

Question 30

What are the contraindications for total joint arthroplasty (TJA)?

Answer 30

* Active infection * Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus * Hypertension * Smoking

Question 31

What is the first choice medication for chronic pain management in osteoarthritis?

Answer 31

COX-2 inhibiting NSAID – celecoxib (Celebrex) ## Footnote It may cause cardiovascular disease and kidney problems.

Question 32

True or False: Gout is an autoimmune disease.

Answer 32

False ## Footnote Gout is a systemic, genetically linked arthritis but not autoimmune.

Question 33

What dietary changes are recommended for managing gout?

Answer 33

* Avoid red meat, organ meat, shellfish, and beer * Encourage low-fat dairy, leafy greens, cherries, berries, citrus

Question 34

What are the clinical manifestations of acute gouty arthritis?

Answer 34

Excruciating pain, usually in the big toe, often called 'podagra' ## Footnote Pain can occur months or years apart between attacks.

Question 35

What is the recommended first-line medication for acute gout attacks?

Answer 35

Colchicine, steroid, or NSAID (avoid aspirin) ## Footnote Allopurinol is used for chronic gout management.

Question 36

What are some non-pharmacological interventions for managing chronic pain in osteoarthritis?

Answer 36

* Rest and balance with exercise * Weight control * Ambulatory aids * Heat or cold therapy * Joint positioning

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The main concern after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is _______.

Answer 37

dislocations, subluxations

Question 38

What should patients avoid after surgery to promote mobility?

Answer 38

* No sitting or standing for prolonged periods * No crossing legs beyond midline * Follow instructions on dressing change and incision care

Question 39

What are the signs of infection to monitor post-operatively?

Answer 39

* Elevated temperature * Increased redness * Excessive drainage * Foul odor

Question 40

What nursing intervention is essential for assessing neurovascular function post-surgery?

Answer 40

Assess circulation in the distal affected extremity using the 5 P's: Pain, Pulse, Pallor, Paresthesia, Paralysis

Question 41

What should be done if a dislocation occurs after hip surgery?

Answer 41

Notify the surgeon; may need to return to the operating room.

Question 42

What is the recommended lifestyle change for patients with fibromyalgia?

Answer 42

Regular low-impact exercise (e.g., walking, swimming) ## Footnote Sleep aids should be used cautiously due to potential confusion.

Question 43

What is the main focus of treatment strategies for psoriatic arthritis?

Answer 43

* Manage joint pain and inflammation * Control skin lesions

Question 44

What are some integrative therapies more likely to be used by African Americans?

Answer 44

Acupuncture, massage, medical marijuana, topical capsaicin

Question 45

What common medication should be avoided in gout management?

Answer 45

Aspirin and thiazide diuretics ## Footnote These can exacerbate gout symptoms.